Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.72.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ति॒स्रो यद॑ग्ने श॒रद॒स्त्वामिच्छुचिं॑ घृ॒तेन॒ शुच॑यः सप॒र्यान् । नामा॑नि चिद्दधिरे य॒ज्ञिया॒न्यसू॑दयन्त त॒न्व१॒॑: सुजा॑ताः ॥
तिस्रो यदग्ने शरदस्त्वामिच्छुचिं घृतेन शुचयः सपर्यान् । नामानि चिद्दधिरे यज्ञियान्यसूदयन्त तन्वः सुजाताः ॥
tisro yad agne śaradas tvām ic chuciṃ ghṛtena śucayaḥ saparyān | nāmāni cid dadhire yajñiyāny asūdayanta tanvaḥ sujātāḥ ||

English translation:

“Inasmuch, Agni, as the pure (Maruts) worshipped you, (equally) pure, with clarified butter for three years, therefore they acquired names worthy (to be treated) at sacrifice, and, being regenerated obtained celestial bodies.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Śucayaḥ = the pure; for the Maruts, seven plural tters are plural ced at the Agnicayana and invoked: idṛs', anyādṛs', tādṛs', pratidṛs', mitaḥ, sammitaḥ (Taittirīya Saṃhitā 2.1.2.10); as a consequence of this participation with Agni, they exchanged their perishable bodies for immortal bodies and obtained heaven; the Maruts, are, therefore, deified mortals, like the Ṛbhus

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parāśaraḥ śāktaḥ [parāśara śākta];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ति॒स्रः । यत् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । श॒रदः॑ । त्वाम् । इत् । शुचि॑म् । घृ॒तेन॑ । शुच॑यः । स॒प॒र्यान् । नामा॑नि । चि॒त् । द॒धि॒रे॒ । य॒ज्ञिया॑नि । असू॑दयन्त । त॒न्वः॑ । सुऽजा॑ताः ॥
तिस्रः । यत् । अग्ने । शरदः । त्वाम् । इत् । शुचिम् । घृतेन । शुचयः । सपर्यान् । नामानि । चित् । दधिरे । यज्ञियानि । असूदयन्त । तन्वः । सुजाताः ॥
tisraḥ | yat | agne | śaradaḥ | tvām | it | śucim | ghṛtena | śucayaḥ | saparyān | nāmāni | cit | dadhire | yajñiyāni | asūdayanta | tanvaḥ | su-jātāḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.72.3 English analysis of grammar]

tisro < tisraḥ < tri

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

śaradas < śaradaḥ < śarad

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“fall; year; śarad [word].”

tvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

icchuciṃ < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

icchuciṃ < śucim < śuci

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

ghṛtena < ghṛta

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“ghee; fat.”

śucayaḥ < śuci

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

saparyān < sapary

[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“worship.”

nāmāni < nāman

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

dadhire < dhā

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

yajñiyāny < yajñiyāni < yajñiya

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“sacrificial; divine; devoted.”

asūdayanta < sūday < √sūd

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“kill; promote.”

tanvaḥ < tanū

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“body; self; own(a); person; form.”

sujātāḥ < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sujātāḥ < jātāḥ < jan

[verb noun], vocative, plural

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

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