Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.70.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स हि क्ष॒पावाँ॑ अ॒ग्नी र॑यी॒णां दाश॒द्यो अ॑स्मा॒ अर॑ सू॒क्तैः ॥
स हि क्षपावाँ अग्नी रयीणां दाशद्यो अस्मा अरं सूक्तैः ॥
sa hi kṣapāvām̐ agnī rayīṇāṃ dāśad yo asmā araṃ sūktaiḥ ||

English translation:

“[5-6] Agni, the lord of night, grants riches to the worshipper who adores him with sacred hymns. Agni, who are omniscient, and  know the origin of gods and men, protect all these (beings dwelling) upon earth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Kśapāvān: capable of destroying (the rākṣasas); or, having or possessing the night; āgneyi vai rātriḥ, night is characterized by Agni (Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa 2.1.2.7); agnirjyotiḥ jyotiragniḥ svāhā (agnyādheya ceremony: Taittirīya Āraṇyaka 4.10.5)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parāśaraḥ śāktaḥ [parāśara śākta];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सः । हि । क्ष॒पाऽवा॑न् । अ॒ग्निः । र॒यी॒णाम् । दाश॑त् । यः । अ॒स्मै॒ । अर॑म् । सु॒ऽउ॒क्तैः ॥
सः । हि । क्षपावान् । अग्निः । रयीणाम् । दाशत् । यः । अस्मै । अरम् । सुउक्तैः ॥
saḥ | hi | kṣapāvān | agniḥ | rayīṇām | dāśat | yaḥ | asmai | aram | su-uktaiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.70.5 English analysis of grammar]

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

kṣapāvāṃ < kṣapāvant

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“ruler.”

agnī < agniḥ < agni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

rayīṇāṃ < rayīṇām < rayi

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“wealth; property.”

dāśad < dāśat < dāś

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“sacrifice; give.”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

asmā < asmai < idam

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

araṃ < aram

[adverb]

sūktaiḥ < sūkta

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“Mantra; hymn.”

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