Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.63.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वं म॒हाँ इ॑न्द्र॒ यो ह॒ शुष्मै॒र्द्यावा॑ जज्ञा॒नः पृ॑थि॒वी अमे॑ धाः । यद्ध॑ ते॒ विश्वा॑ गि॒रय॑श्चि॒दभ्वा॑ भि॒या दृ॒ळ्हास॑: कि॒रणा॒ नैज॑न् ॥
त्वं महाँ इन्द्र यो ह शुष्मैर्द्यावा जज्ञानः पृथिवी अमे धाः । यद्ध ते विश्वा गिरयश्चिदभ्वा भिया दृळ्हासः किरणा नैजन् ॥
tvam mahām̐ indra yo ha śuṣmair dyāvā jajñānaḥ pṛthivī ame dhāḥ | yad dha te viśvā girayaś cid abhvā bhiyā dṛḻhāsaḥ kiraṇā naijan ||
English translation:
“Indra, you are the mighty one, who, becoming manifest in (the hour of) alarm, did sustain by your energies heaven and earth; then, through fear of you, all creatures, and the mountains, and all other vast and solid things, trembled, like the (tremulous) rays of the sun.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
By your energies: balaiḥ = by strength;
Śuṣmaiḥ = the driers up (of enemies)
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nodhā gautamaḥ [nodhas gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurigārṣīpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम् । म॒हान् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । यः । ह॒ । शुष्मैः॑ । द्यावा॑ । ज॒ज्ञा॒नः । पृ॒थि॒वी इति॑ । अमे॑ । घाः॒ । यत् । ह॒ । ते॒ । विश्वा॑ । गि॒रयः॑ । चि॒त् । अभ्वा॑ । भि॒या । दृ॒ळ्हासः॑ । कि॒रणाः॑ । न । ऐज॑न् ॥
त्वम् । महान् । इन्द्र । यः । ह । शुष्मैः । द्यावा । जज्ञानः । पृथिवी इति । अमे । घाः । यत् । ह । ते । विश्वा । गिरयः । चित् । अभ्वा । भिया । दृळ्हासः । किरणाः । न । ऐजन् ॥
tvam | mahān | indra | yaḥ | ha | śuṣmaiḥ | dyāvā | jajñānaḥ | pṛthivī iti | ame | ghāḥ | yat | ha | te | viśvā | girayaḥ | cit | abhvā | bhiyā | dṛḷhāsaḥ | kiraṇāḥ | na | aijan
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.63.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“indeed; ha [word].”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], accusative, dual, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“am; panic; power; ferocity.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[adverb]
“indeed; ha [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“mountain; adri; rock; giri [word]; hill; śilājatu.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], nominative, plural, neuter
“monstrosity; nothingness; void; force.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“fear; bhī; alarm.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“beam; sunbeam; Kiraṇa; dust; sun; chapter.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“move; stir; tremble; travel.”