Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.62.10

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒नात्सनी॑ळा अ॒वनी॑रवा॒ता व्र॒ता र॑क्षन्ते अ॒मृता॒: सहो॑भिः । पु॒रू स॒हस्रा॒ जन॑यो॒ न पत्नी॑र्दुव॒स्यन्ति॒ स्वसा॑रो॒ अह्र॑याणम् ॥
सनात्सनीळा अवनीरवाता व्रता रक्षन्ते अमृताः सहोभिः । पुरू सहस्रा जनयो न पत्नीर्दुवस्यन्ति स्वसारो अह्रयाणम् ॥
sanāt sanīḻā avanīr avātā vratā rakṣante amṛtāḥ sahobhiḥ | purū sahasrā janayo na patnīr duvasyanti svasāro ahrayāṇam ||

English translation:

“From a remote time the contiguous, unshifting, and unwearied fingers practise with (all) their energies many thousand acts of devotion (towards Indra); and like the wives (of the gods), the protecting sisters worship him who is without shame.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Panīḥ svasāraḥ = the protecting or propitiatory and moving epithets of avaniḥ, fingers; janayo na = like wives (i.e., of the gods, devānām)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nodhā gautamaḥ [nodhas gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): ārṣītriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒नात् । सऽनी॑ळाः । अ॒वनीः॑ । अ॒वा॒ताः । व्र॒ता । र॒क्ष॒न्ते॒ । अ॒मृताः॑ । सहः॑ऽभिः । पु॒रु । स॒हस्रा॑ । जन॑यः । न । पत्नीः॑ । दु॒व॒स्यन्ति॑ । स्वसा॑रः । अह्र॑याणम् ॥
सनात् । सनीळाः । अवनीः । अवाताः । व्रता । रक्षन्ते । अमृताः । सहःभिः । पुरु । सहस्रा । जनयः । न । पत्नीः । दुवस्यन्ति । स्वसारः । अह्रयाणम् ॥
sanāt | sa-nīḷāḥ | avanīḥ | avātāḥ | vratā | rakṣante | amṛtāḥ | sahaḥ-bhiḥ | puru | sahasrā | janayaḥ | na | patnīḥ | duvasyanti | svasāraḥ | ahrayāṇam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.62.10 English analysis of grammar]

sanāt

[adverb]

sanīḍā < sanīḍāḥ < sanīḍa

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“kindred; equal; sanīḍa [word].”

avanīr < avanīḥ < avani

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river; earth; floor; path; bed; course.”

avātā < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

avātā < vātāḥ < van

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“obtain; gain; desire; get; like; love; overcome.”

vratā < vrata

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

rakṣante < rakṣ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

amṛtāḥ < amṛta

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

sahobhiḥ < sahas

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”

purū < puru

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“many; much(a); very.”

sahasrā < sahasra

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

janayo < janayaḥ < jani

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“wife; jan; woman; jani [word]; birth.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

patnīr < patnīḥ < patnī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“wife; mistress; queen.”

duvasyanti < duvasy

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“worship.”

svasāro < svasāraḥ < svasṛ

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“sister; svasṛ [word].”

ahrayāṇam < ahrayāṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“audacious.”

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