Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.60.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्य शासु॑रु॒भया॑सः सचन्ते ह॒विष्म॑न्त उ॒शिजो॒ ये च॒ मर्ता॑: । दि॒वश्चि॒त्पूर्वो॒ न्य॑सादि॒ होता॒पृच्छ्यो॑ वि॒श्पति॑र्वि॒क्षु वे॒धाः ॥
अस्य शासुरुभयासः सचन्ते हविष्मन्त उशिजो ये च मर्ताः । दिवश्चित्पूर्वो न्यसादि होतापृच्छ्यो विश्पतिर्विक्षु वेधाः ॥
asya śāsur ubhayāsaḥ sacante haviṣmanta uśijo ye ca martāḥ | divaś cit pūrvo ny asādi hotāpṛcchyo viśpatir vikṣu vedhāḥ ||

English translation:

“Both (gods and men) are the worshippers of this ruler; those who are to be desired (of the gods), and those who are mortal, beaing oblations; for this venerable invoker (of the gods), the lord of men, and distributor (of desired benefits), was plural ced by the officiating priests (upon the altar), before the sun was in the sky.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The priests conduct the yajamāna to the plural ce where the fire has been prepared, before the break of day, by the adhvaryu. The text has: ubayāsaḥ, the both; this is explained as either gods and men or the ministering priests and their employer, the yajamāna. uśijo ye ca martaḥ = kāmayamānāḥ devāḥ, those who are to be wished for, the gods;

Uṣijaḥ = medhāvinaḥ, wise or the priests

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nodhā gautamaḥ [nodhas gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्य । शासुः॑ । उ॒भया॑सः । स॒च॒न्ते॒ । ह॒विष्म॑न्तः । उ॒शिजः॑ । ये । च॒ । मर्ताः॑ । दि॒वः । चि॒त् । पूर्वः॑ । नि । अ॒सा॒दि॒ । होता॑ । आ॒ऽपृच्छ्यः॑ । वि॒श्पतिः॑ । वि॒क्षु । वे॒धाः ॥
अस्य । शासुः । उभयासः । सचन्ते । हविष्मन्तः । उशिजः । ये । च । मर्ताः । दिवः । चित् । पूर्वः । नि । असादि । होता । आपृच्छ्यः । विश्पतिः । विक्षु । वेधाः ॥
asya | śāsuḥ | ubhayāsaḥ | sacante | haviṣmantaḥ | uśijaḥ | ye | ca | martāḥ | d ivaḥ | cit | pūrvaḥ | ni | asādi | hotā | āpṛcchyaḥ | viśpatiḥ | vikṣu | vedhāḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.60.2 English analysis of grammar]

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

śāsur < śāsuḥ < śāsus

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

ubhayāsaḥ < ubhaya

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“both(a).”

sacante < sac

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

haviṣmanta < haviṣmantaḥ < haviṣmat

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“sacrificing.”

uśijo < uśijaḥ < uśij

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

martāḥ < marta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man.”

divaś < divaḥ < div

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

pūrvo < pūrvaḥ < pūrva

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”

ny < ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

asādi < sad

[verb], singular, Aorist passive

“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

hotāpṛcchyo < hotā < hotṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

hotāpṛcchyo < āpṛcchyaḥ < āpṛcchya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“āpṛcchya [word].”

viśpatir < viśpatiḥ < viśpati

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“overlord; head.”

vikṣu < viś

[noun], locative, plural

“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

vedhāḥ < vedhas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Brahma; creator; believer [worshipper]; Vishnu.”

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