Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.59.6
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्र नू म॑हि॒त्वं वृ॑ष॒भस्य॑ वोचं॒ यं पू॒रवो॑ वृत्र॒हणं॒ सच॑न्ते । वै॒श्वा॒न॒रो दस्यु॑म॒ग्निर्ज॑घ॒न्वाँ अधू॑नो॒त्काष्ठा॒ अव॒ शम्ब॑रं भेत् ॥
प्र नू महित्वं वृषभस्य वोचं यं पूरवो वृत्रहणं सचन्ते । वैश्वानरो दस्युमग्निर्जघन्वाँ अधूनोत्काष्ठा अव शम्बरं भेत् ॥
pra nū mahitvaṃ vṛṣabhasya vocaṃ yam pūravo vṛtrahaṇaṃ sacante | vaiśvānaro dasyum agnir jaghanvām̐ adhūnot kāṣṭhā ava śambaram bhet ||
English translation:
“I extol the greatness of that showerer of rain whom men celebrate as the slayer of Vṛtra; the Agni, Vaiśvānara, slew the stealer (of the waters) and sent them down (upon earth), and clove the (obstructing) cloud.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Vaiśvānara = Indra; Vaiśvānara in the hymn is interpreated as the Agni of the firmament, the vidyuta, or lightning; thus Agni is of the middle region, from which when fallen to earth, the terrestrial fire is born, from which rain is genitive rated as the burnt-offering ascends to the sun. Thus rain descends from the sun. Vaiśvānara is, therefore, Agni. Vaiśvānara, in mythology is a Dānava
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nodhā gautamaḥ [nodhas gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agnirvaiśvānaraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्र । नु । म॒हि॒ऽत्वम् । वृ॒ष॒भस्य॑ । वो॒च॒म् । यम् । पू॒रवः॑ । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहन॑म् । सच॑न्ते । वै॒श्वा॒न॒रः । दस्यु॑म् । अ॒ग्निः । ज॒घ॒न्वान् । अधू॑नोत् । काष्ठाः॑ । अव॑ । शम्ब॑रम् । भे॒त् ॥
प्र । नु । महित्वम् । वृषभस्य । वोचम् । यम् । पूरवः । वृत्रहनम् । सचन्ते । वैश्वानरः । दस्युम् । अग्निः । जघन्वान् । अधूनोत् । काष्ठाः । अव । शम्बरम् । भेत् ॥
pra | nu | mahi-tvam | vṛṣabhasya | vocam | yam | pūravaḥ | vṛtra-hanam | sacante | vaiśvānaraḥ | dasyum | agniḥ | jaghanvān | adhūnot | kāṣṭhāḥ | ava | śambaram | bhet
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.59.6 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[adverb]
“now; already.”
[noun]
“great; firm.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“state; quality; cause; reason.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Pūru; Pūru.”
[noun], masculine
“enemy.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Agni; fire; Vaiśvānara; Vaiśvānara; sacrificial fire; sun.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“savage; outcast; mugger.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“shake; remove; chase away.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“kāṣṭhā; quarter; body of water.”
[adverb]
“down.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Śambara; Śambara.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“break; incise; burst; divide; cut; cleave; destroy; cure; disturb; lance; break; distinguish; disclose; pierce; tear; separate; transgress; break open; scratch; penetrate; sever; bribe; grind; betray; fester; strike.”