Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.59.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

बृ॒ह॒ती इ॑व सू॒नवे॒ रोद॑सी॒ गिरो॒ होता॑ मनु॒ष्यो॒३॒॑ न दक्ष॑: । स्व॑र्वते स॒त्यशु॑ष्माय पू॒र्वीर्वै॑श्वान॒राय॒ नृत॑माय य॒ह्वीः ॥
बृहती इव सूनवे रोदसी गिरो होता मनुष्यो न दक्षः । स्वर्वते सत्यशुष्माय पूर्वीर्वैश्वानराय नृतमाय यह्वीः ॥
bṛhatī iva sūnave rodasī giro hotā manuṣyo na dakṣaḥ | svarvate satyaśuṣmāya pūrvīr vaiśvānarāya nṛtamāya yahvīḥ ||

English translation:

“. Heaven and earth expanded as it were for their son. The experienced sacrificer recites, like a bard, many ancient and copious praises addressed to the graceful-moving, truly-vigorous, and all-guiding Vaiśvānara.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

For their son: ubha pitarā mahayan ajāyata agnir dyāvā pṛthivī, both parents, heaven and earth, expanding, Agni was born; Like a bard: the text refers to manuṣya, like a man;

Asumed: bandī, a panegyrist, or bard, who recites the praises of a prime or great man, for largess

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nodhā gautamaḥ [nodhas gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agnirvaiśvānaraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

बृ॒ह॒तीइ॒वेति॑ बृह॒तीऽइ॑व । सू॒नवे॑ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । गिरः॑ । होता॑ । म॒नु॒ष्यः॑ । न । दक्षः॑ । स्वः॑ऽवते । स॒त्यऽशु॑ष्माय । पू॒र्वीः । वै॒श्वा॒न॒राय॑ । नृऽत॑माय । य॒ह्वीः ॥
बृहतीइवेति बृहतीइव । सूनवे । रोदसी इति । गिरः । होता । मनुष्यः । न । दक्षः । स्वःवते । सत्यशुष्माय । पूर्वीः । वैश्वानराय । नृतमाय । यह्वीः ॥
bṛhatīivetibṛhatī-iva | sūnave | rodasī iti | giraḥ | hotā | manuṣyaḥ | na | dakṣaḥ | svaḥ-vate | satya-śuṣmāya | pūvīrḥ | vaiśvānarāya | nṛ-tamāya | yahvīḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.59.4 English analysis of grammar]

bṛhatī < bṛhat

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

sūnave < sūnu

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“son; offspring.”

rodasī < rodas

[noun], nominative, dual, neuter

“heaven and earth; Earth.”

giro < giraḥ < gir

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

hotā < hotṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

manuṣyo < manuṣyaḥ < manuṣya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“human.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

dakṣaḥ < dakṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“deft; right; intelligent; expert.”

svarvate < svarvat

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“bright; bright.”

satyaśuṣmāya < satya

[noun]

“true; real; real; faithful; good.”

satyaśuṣmāya < śuṣmāya < śuṣma

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”

pūrvīr < pūrvīḥ < puru

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“many; much(a); very.”

vaiśvānarāya < vaiśvānara

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Agni; fire; Vaiśvānara; Vaiśvānara; sacrificial fire; sun.”

nṛtamāya < nṛtama

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

yahvīḥ < yahvī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“river.”

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