Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.52.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ यं पृ॒णन्ति॑ दि॒वि सद्म॑बर्हिषः समु॒द्रं न सु॒भ्व१॒॑: स्वा अ॒भिष्ट॑यः । तं वृ॑त्र॒हत्ये॒ अनु॑ तस्थुरू॒तय॒: शुष्मा॒ इन्द्र॑मवा॒ता अह्रु॑तप्सवः ॥
आ यं पृणन्ति दिवि सद्मबर्हिषः समुद्रं न सुभ्वः स्वा अभिष्टयः । तं वृत्रहत्ये अनु तस्थुरूतयः शुष्मा इन्द्रमवाता अह्रुतप्सवः ॥
ā yam pṛṇanti divi sadmabarhiṣaḥ samudraṃ na subhvaḥ svā abhiṣṭayaḥ | taṃ vṛtrahatye anu tasthur ūtayaḥ śuṣmā indram avātā ahrutapsavaḥ ||

English translation:

“Tha Indra whom in heaven the libations sprinkled on the sacred grass replenish, as the kindred rivers hastening to it fill the ocean; that Indra whom the Maruts, the driers up of moisture, who are unobstructed, and of undistorted forms, attended as auxiliaries at the death of Vṛtra.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): savya āṅgirasaḥ [savya āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ । यम् । पृ॒णन्ति॑ । दि॒वि । सद्म॑ऽबर्हिषः । स॒मु॒द्रम् । न । सु॒ऽभ्वः॑ । स्वाः । अ॒भिष्ट॑यः । तम् । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहत्ये॑ । अनु॑ । त॒स्थुः॒ । ऊ॒तयः॑ । शुष्माः॑ । इन्द्र॑म् । अ॒वा॒ताः । अह्रु॑तऽप्सवः ॥
आ । यम् । पृणन्ति । दिवि । सद्मबर्हिषः । समुद्रम् । न । सुभ्वः । स्वाः । अभिष्टयः । तम् । वृत्रहत्ये । अनु । तस्थुः । ऊतयः । शुष्माः । इन्द्रम् । अवाताः । अह्रुतप्सवः ॥
ā | yam | pṛṇanti | divi | sadma-barhiṣaḥ | samudram | na | su-bhvaḥ | svāḥ | abhiṣṭayaḥ | tam | vṛtra-hatye | anu | tasthuḥ | ūtayaḥ | śuṣmāḥ | indram | avātāḥ | ahruta-psavaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.52.4 English analysis of grammar]

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

yam < yad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

pṛṇanti < pṛ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“fill; elapse; pull back; fill; satisfy; bestow; meet; stuff; load; mix; complete.”

divi < div

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

sadmabarhiṣaḥ < sadma < sadman

[noun], neuter

“seat; house; stable; dwelling.”

sadmabarhiṣaḥ < barhiṣaḥ < barhis

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“Barhis; barhis [word].”

samudraṃ < samudram < samudra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

subhvaḥ < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

subhvaḥ < bhvaḥ < bhū

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Earth; floor; earth; bhū; Earth; one; saurāṣṭrā; three; land; land; place; world; bhū [word]; soil; pṛthivī; being; bhūja; floor; bhūnāga; sphaṭikā; beginning; birth; estate.”

svā < svāḥ < sva

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

abhiṣṭayaḥ < abhiṣṭi

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“prevalence; protection.”

taṃ < tam < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

vṛtrahatye < vṛtra

[noun], masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

vṛtrahatye < hatye < hatya

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“killing.”

anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

tasthur < tasthuḥ < sthā

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

ūtayaḥ < ūti

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“aid; favor; ūti [word].”

śuṣmā < śuṣmāḥ < śuṣma

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”

indram < indra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

avātā < avātāḥ < avāta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

ahrutapsavaḥ < ahrutapsu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

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