Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.51.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम॒पाम॑पि॒धाना॑वृणो॒रपाधा॑रय॒: पर्व॑ते॒ दानु॑म॒द्वसु॑ । वृ॒त्रं यदि॑न्द्र॒ शव॒साव॑धी॒रहि॒मादित्सूर्यं॑ दि॒व्यारो॑हयो दृ॒शे ॥
त्वमपामपिधानावृणोरपाधारयः पर्वते दानुमद्वसु । वृत्रं यदिन्द्र शवसावधीरहिमादित्सूर्यं दिव्यारोहयो दृशे ॥
tvam apām apidhānāvṛṇor apādhārayaḥ parvate dānumad vasu | vṛtraṃ yad indra śavasāvadhīr ahim ād it sūryaṃ divy ārohayo dṛśe ||

English translation:

“You have opened the receptacle of the waters; you have detained in the mountain the treasure of the malignant; when you had slain Vṛtra, the destryer, you made the sun visible in the sky.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Parvate danumad vasu = in the mountain, a dwelling of Indra;

Danumad = descended from Danu, a Dānava, an asura or an epithet of vasu, wealth, fit for liberality (from danu, giving) or one doing injury, an enemy; Vṛtra (Ahi) is hantri, the slayer; so yat sarvān etat samabhavat tasmād ahiriti, inasmuch as he was the same as all that (benefits of sacrifice, fame, knowledge, prosperity), he wa called Ahi

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): savya āṅgirasaḥ [savya āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । अ॒पाम् । अ॒पि॒ऽधाना॑ । अ॒वृ॒णोः॒ । अप॑ । अधा॑रयः । पर्व॑ते । दानु॑ऽमत् । वसु॑ । वृ॒त्रम् । यत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । शव॑सा । अव॑धीः । अहि॑म् । आत् । इत् । सूर्य॑म् । दि॒वि । आ । अ॒रो॒ह॒यः॒ । दृ॒शे ॥
त्वम् । अपाम् । अपिधाना । अवृणोः । अप । अधारयः । पर्वते । दानुमत् । वसु । वृत्रम् । यत् । इन्द्र । शवसा । अवधीः । अहिम् । आत् । इत् । सूर्यम् । दिवि । आ । अरोहयः । दृशे ॥
tvam | apām | api-dhānā | avṛṇoḥ | apa | adhāraya | parvate | dānu-mat | vasu | vṛtram | yat | indra | śavasā | avadhīḥ | ahim | āt | it | sūryam | divi | ā | arohayaḥ | dṛśe

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.51.4 English analysis of grammar]

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

apām < ap

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

apidhānāvṛṇor < apidhānā < apidhāna

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

apidhānāvṛṇor < avṛṇoḥ < vṛ

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

apādhārayaḥ < apadhāray < √dhṛ

[verb], singular, Imperfect

parvate < parvata

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

dānumad < dānumat

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

vasu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

vṛtraṃ < vṛtram < vṛtra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

śavasāvadhīr < śavasā < śavas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“strength; power; superiority.”

śavasāvadhīr < avadhīḥ < vadh

[verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)

“kill; assail; kick; māray; destroy; beat.”

ahim < ahi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”

ād < āt

[adverb]

“then.”

it < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

sūryaṃ < sūryam < sūrya

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

divy < divi < div

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

ārohayo < ārohayaḥ < ārohay < √ruh

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“raise; hop on; lift.”

dṛśe < dṛś

[verb noun]

“see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

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