Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.50.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒प्त त्वा॑ ह॒रितो॒ रथे॒ वह॑न्ति देव सूर्य । शो॒चिष्के॑शं विचक्षण ॥
सप्त त्वा हरितो रथे वहन्ति देव सूर्य । शोचिष्केशं विचक्षण ॥
sapta tvā harito rathe vahanti deva sūrya | śociṣkeśaṃ vicakṣaṇa ||

English translation:

“Divine and light-diffusing Sūrya, your seven coursers bear you, bright-haired, in your car.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sapta haritaḥ = seven rays; seven horses = seven days of the week; or, is there an allusion to seven scattered prismatic rays?

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): praskaṇvaḥ kāṇvaḥ [praskaṇva kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): sūryaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): pipīlikāmadhyānicṛdgāyatrī;;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒प्त । त्वा॒ । ह॒रितः॑ । रथे॑ । वह॑न्ति । दे॒व॒ । सू॒र्य॒ । शो॒चिःऽके॑शम् । वि॒ऽच॒क्ष॒ण॒ ॥
सप्त । त्वा । हरितः । रथे । वहन्ति । देव । सूर्य । शोचिःकेशम् । विचक्षण ॥
sapta | tvā | haritaḥ | rathe | vahanti | deva | sūrya | śociḥ-keśam | vi-cakṣaṇa

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.50.8 English analysis of grammar]

sapta < saptan

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“seven; seventh.”

tvā < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

harito < haritaḥ < harit

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“mare; quarter.”

rathe < ratha

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

vahanti < vah

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

deva

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

sūrya

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

śociṣkeśaṃ < śociṣkeśam < śociṣkeśa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Agni.”

vicakṣaṇa

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“expert; wise; discerning; clear-sighted; conversant(p); bright.”

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