Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.48.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒वासो॒षा उ॒च्छाच्च॒ नु दे॒वी जी॒रा रथा॑नाम् । ये अ॑स्या आ॒चर॑णेषु दध्रि॒रे स॑मु॒द्रे न श्र॑व॒स्यव॑: ॥
उवासोषा उच्छाच्च नु देवी जीरा रथानाम् । ये अस्या आचरणेषु दध्रिरे समुद्रे न श्रवस्यवः ॥
uvāsoṣā ucchāc ca nu devī jīrā rathānām | ye asyā ācaraṇeṣu dadhrire samudre na śravasyavaḥ ||

English translation:

“The divine Uṣas has dwelt (in heaven of old); may she dawn today, the excitress of chariots which are harnessed at her coming, as those who are desirous of wealth (send ships) to sea.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Samudre na śravasyavaḥ = like those desirous of wealth for sea;

Added: 'send ships'. uvāsa, uṣaḥ is explained: purā nivāsam akarot, she has made a dwelling formerly; an allusion to her producing the dawn, prabhātam kṛtavatī

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): praskaṇvaḥ kāṇvaḥ [praskaṇva kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): uṣāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭpathyābṛhatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒वास॑ । उ॒षाः । उ॒च्छात् । च॒ । नु । दे॒वी । जी॒रा । रथा॑नाम् । ये । अ॒स्याः॒ । आ॒ऽचर॑णेषु । द॒ध्रि॒रे । स॒मु॒द्रे । न । श्र॒व॒स्यवः॑ ॥
उवास । उषाः । उच्छात् । च । नु । देवी । जीरा । रथानाम् । ये । अस्याः । आचरणेषु । दध्रिरे । समुद्रे । न । श्रवस्यवः ॥
uvāsa | uṣāḥ | ucchāt | ca | nu | devī | jīrā | rathānām | ye | asyāḥ | ācaraṇeṣu | dadhrire | samudre | na | śravasyavaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.48.3 English analysis of grammar]

uvāsoṣā < uvāsa < vas

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“dawn; shine.”

uvāsoṣā < uṣāḥ < uṣas

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

ucchāc < ucchāt < vas

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“dawn; shine.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

devī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Parvati; queen; goddess; Devi.”

jīrā < jīra

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“agile; quick; fast.”

rathānām < ratha

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

asyā < asyāḥ < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ācaraṇeṣu < ācaraṇa

[noun], locative, plural, neuter

“action; practice; behavior; performance.”

dadhrire < dhṛ

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”

samudre < samudra

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

śravasyavaḥ < śravasyu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“celebrated.”

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