Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.44.8
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒वि॒तार॑मु॒षस॑म॒श्विना॒ भग॑म॒ग्निं व्यु॑ष्टिषु॒ क्षप॑: । कण्वा॑सस्त्वा सु॒तसो॑मास इन्धते हव्य॒वाहं॑ स्वध्वर ॥
सवितारमुषसमश्विना भगमग्निं व्युष्टिषु क्षपः । कण्वासस्त्वा सुतसोमास इन्धते हव्यवाहं स्वध्वर ॥
savitāram uṣasam aśvinā bhagam agniṃ vyuṣṭiṣu kṣapaḥ | kaṇvāsas tvā sutasomāsa indhate havyavāhaṃ svadhvara ||
English translation:
“Object of holy rites, (bring hither) on the dawn following the night, Savitā, Uṣas and Aśvins, Bhaga and Agni; the Kaṇvas pouring out libations, kindle the water of the burnt offering.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Svadhvara, from su (good) and adhvara (sacrifice), hence equated with the āhavanīya fire
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): praskaṇvaḥ kāṇvaḥ [praskaṇva kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭsataḥpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स॒वि॒तार॑म् । उ॒षस॑म् । अ॒श्विना॑ । भग॑म् । अ॒ग्निम् । विऽउ॑ष्टिषु । क्षपः॑ । कण्वा॑सः । त्वा॒ । सु॒तऽसो॑मासः । इ॒न्ध॒ते॒ । ह॒व्य॒ऽवाह॑म् । सु॒ऽअ॒ध्व॒र॒ ॥
सवितारम् । उषसम् । अश्विना । भगम् । अग्निम् । विउष्टिषु । क्षपः । कण्वासः । त्वा । सुतसोमासः । इन्धते । हव्यवाहम् । सुअध्वर ॥
savitāram | uṣasam | aśvinā | bhagam | agnim | vi-uṣṭiṣu | kṣapaḥ | kaṇvāsaḥ | tvā | suta-somāsaḥ | indhate | havya-vāham | su-adhvara
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.44.8 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], accusative, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Bhaga; vulva; good fortune; vagina; bhaga [word]; sun; well-being; happiness; overlord.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“dawn; happiness; consequence.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“night.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Kaṇva; Kaṇva; kaṇva [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[verb noun]
“press out; su.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Agni; fire; sacrificial fire.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”