Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.44.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
श्रेष्ठं॒ यवि॑ष्ठ॒मति॑थिं॒ स्वा॑हुतं॒ जुष्टं॒ जना॑य दा॒शुषे॑ । दे॒वाँ अच्छा॒ यात॑वे जा॒तवे॑दसम॒ग्निमी॑ळे॒ व्यु॑ष्टिषु ॥
श्रेष्ठं यविष्ठमतिथिं स्वाहुतं जुष्टं जनाय दाशुषे । देवाँ अच्छा यातवे जातवेदसमग्निमीळे व्युष्टिषु ॥
śreṣṭhaṃ yaviṣṭham atithiṃ svāhutaṃ juṣṭaṃ janāya dāśuṣe | devām̐ acchā yātave jātavedasam agnim īḻe vyuṣṭiṣu ||
English translation:
“I praise Agni at the break of day, the best and youngest (of the gods), the guest (of man), the universally-invoked, who is friendly to the man that offers (oblations), who knows all that are born, that he may go (to bring) the other divinities.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): praskaṇvaḥ kāṇvaḥ [praskaṇva kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭsataḥpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
श्रेष्ठ॑म् । यवि॑ष्ठम् । अति॑थिम् । सुऽआ॑हुतम् । जुष्टम् । जना॑य । दा॒शुषे॑ । दे॒वान् । अच्छ॑ । यात॑वे । जा॒तऽवे॑दसम् । अ॒ग्निम् । ई॒ळे॒ । विऽउ॑ष्टिषु ॥
श्रेष्ठम् । यविष्ठम् । अतिथिम् । सुआहुतम् । जुष्टम् । जनाय । दाशुषे । देवान् । अच्छ । यातवे । जातवेदसम् । अग्निम् । ईळे । विउष्टिषु ॥
śreṣṭham | yaviṣṭham | atithim | su-āhutam | juṣṭam | janāya | dāśuṣe | devān | accha | yātave | jāta-vedasam | agnim | īḷe | vi-uṣṭiṣu
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.44.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“best; better; chief(a); beautiful.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“youngest.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“guest; atithi [word]; Atithi.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“sacrifice; sprinkle.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
[verb noun], dative, singular
“sacrifice; give.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“towards; accha [prefix].”
[verb noun]
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Agni; fire.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“praise; invite; raise.”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“dawn; happiness; consequence.”