Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.41.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यं रक्ष॑न्ति॒ प्रचे॑तसो॒ वरु॑णो मि॒त्रो अ॑र्य॒मा । नू चि॒त्स द॑भ्यते॒ जन॑: ॥
यं रक्षन्ति प्रचेतसो वरुणो मित्रो अर्यमा । नू चित्स दभ्यते जनः ॥
yaṃ rakṣanti pracetaso varuṇo mitro aryamā | nū cit sa dabhyate janaḥ ||
English translation:
“The man whom the wise Varuṇa, Mitra and Aryaman protect quickly subdues (his foes).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The sūkta is addressed to the three ādityas: varuṇa, mitra and aryamā, sons of Aditi, wife of Kaśyapa
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kaṇvo ghauraḥ [kaṇva ghaura];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): varuṇamitrāryamaṇaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यम् । रक्ष॑न्ति । प्रऽचे॑तसः । वरु॑णः । मि॒त्रः । अ॒र्य॒मा । नु । चि॒त् । सः । द॒भ्य॒ते॒ । जनः॑ ॥
यम् । रक्षन्ति । प्रचेतसः । वरुणः । मित्रः । अर्यमा । नु । चित् । सः । दभ्यते । जनः ॥
yam | rakṣanti | pra-cetasaḥ | varuṇaḥ | mitraḥ | aryamā | nu | cit | saḥ | dabhyate | janaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.41.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“intelligent; mindful; attentive; wise; apt; observant.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Aryaman; aryaman [word]; sun.”
[adverb]
“now; already.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”