Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.36.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒न्द्रो होता॑ गृ॒हप॑ति॒रग्ने॑ दू॒तो वि॒शाम॑सि । त्वे विश्वा॒ संग॑तानि व्र॒ता ध्रु॒वा यानि॑ दे॒वा अकृ॑ण्वत ॥
मन्द्रो होता गृहपतिरग्ने दूतो विशामसि । त्वे विश्वा संगतानि व्रता ध्रुवा यानि देवा अकृण्वत ॥
mandro hotā gṛhapatir agne dūto viśām asi | tve viśvā saṃgatāni vratā dhruvā yāni devā akṛṇvata ||

English translation:

“You, Agni, are the giver of delight, the invoker and messenger of the gods, the domestic guardian of mankind; the good and durable actions which the gods perform are all aggregated in you.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Dūto viśām asi: devadūta; viśām is connected with gṛhapati, lord of the dwelling

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kaṇvo ghauraḥ [kaṇva ghaura];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdbṛhatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒न्द्रः । होता॑ । गृ॒हऽप॑तिः । अग्ने॑ । दू॒तः । वि॒शाम् । अ॒सि॒ । त्वे इति॑ । विश्वा॑ । सम्ऽग॑तानि । व्र॒ता । ध्रु॒वा । यानि॑ । दे॒वाः । अकृ॑ण्वत ॥
मन्द्रः । होता । गृहपतिः । अग्ने । दूतः । विशाम् । असि । त्वे इति । विश्वा । सम्गतानि । व्रता । ध्रुवा । यानि । देवाः । अकृण्वत ॥
mandraḥ | hotā | gṛha-patiḥ | agne | dūtaḥ | viśām | asi | tve iti | viśvā | sam-gatāni | vratā | dhruvā | yāni | devāḥ | akṛṇvata

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.36.5 English analysis of grammar]

mandro < mandraḥ < mandra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“pleasant; eloquent; dulcet.”

hotā < hotṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

gṛhapatir < gṛha

[noun], neuter

“house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”

gṛhapatir < patiḥ < pati

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

dūto < dūtaḥ < dūta

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“messenger; emissary; dūta [word].”

viśām < viś

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

asi < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

tve < tvad

[noun], locative, singular

“you.”

viśvā < viśva

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

saṃgatāni < saṃgam < √gam

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“meet; unite; love; connect; exist; land; justify.”

vratā < vrata

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

dhruvā < dhruva

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“certain; fixed; permanent; changeless; firm; safe; resident; immovable; fixed; fixed; vital; faithful.”

yāni < yad

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

devā < devāḥ < deva

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

akṛṇvata < kṛ

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

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