Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.31.15
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम॑ग्ने॒ प्रय॑तदक्षिणं॒ नरं॒ वर्मे॑व स्यू॒तं परि॑ पासि वि॒श्वत॑: । स्वा॒दु॒क्षद्मा॒ यो व॑स॒तौ स्यो॑न॒कृज्जी॑वया॒जं यज॑ते॒ सोप॒मा दि॒वः ॥
त्वमग्ने प्रयतदक्षिणं नरं वर्मेव स्यूतं परि पासि विश्वतः । स्वादुक्षद्मा यो वसतौ स्योनकृज्जीवयाजं यजते सोपमा दिवः ॥
tvam agne prayatadakṣiṇaṃ naraṃ varmeva syūtam pari pāsi viśvataḥ | svādukṣadmā yo vasatau syonakṛj jīvayājaṃ yajate sopamā divaḥ ||
English translation:
“Agni, you dend the man who gives presents (to the priests) on every side, like well-stitched armour. The man who keeps choice viands in his dwelling, and with them entertains (his guests), performs the sacrifice of life, and is the likeness of heaven.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Varma syūtam = sewn armour, formed with needles without leaving a fissure; jīvam-yājam yajate, sacrifices a life-sacrifice: jīvayajanasahitam yajñam, a sacrifice with sacrifice of life; jīvaniśpādyam, that by which life is to be supported;
Jīvayājam = jīvaḥ, living, priests, who ijyante dakṣinābhiḥ, are worshipped by gifts
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasaḥ [hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । प्रय॑तऽदक्षिणम् । नर॑म् । वर्म॑ऽइव । स्यू॒तम् । परि॑ । पा॒सि॒ । वि॒श्वतः॑ । स्वा॒दु॒ऽक्षद्मा॑ । यः । व॒स॒तौ । स्यो॒न॒ऽकृत् । जी॒व॒ऽया॒जम् । यज॑ते । सः । उ॒प॒ऽमा । दि॒वः ॥
त्वम् । अग्ने । प्रयतदक्षिणम् । नरम् । वर्मइव । स्यूतम् । परि । पासि । विश्वतः । स्वादुक्षद्मा । यः । वसतौ । स्योनकृत् । जीवयाजम् । यजते । सः । उपमा । दिवः ॥
tvam | agne | prayata-dakṣiṇam | naram | varma-iva | syūtam | pari | pāsi | viśvataḥ | svādu-kṣadmā | yaḥ | vasatau | syona-kṛt | jīva-yājam | yajate | saḥ | upa-mā | divaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.31.15 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[verb noun]
“give; emit; send; transmit.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Dakṣiṇā; south; dakṣiṇā [word]; gift; South.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“cuirass; armor; varman [word]; protective covering; Varman; varman.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“suture; sew.”
[adverb]
“from; about; around.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“protect; govern.”
[adverb]
“everywhere; around; about.”
[noun]
“Madhura; sweet; sweet; dainty; agreeable.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“residency; dwelling; nest; stay; vasati [word]; vas; mansion; sojourn.”
[noun], neuter
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“causing; making; performing; promotive; producing; doing; acting; writing; transforming; effecting.”
[noun]
“live; alive(p); amṛta.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Yāja.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“sacrifice; worship; worship.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“like; alike(p); colored; similar; like; comparable; equal.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”