Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.31.11
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वाम॑ग्ने प्रथ॒ममा॒युमा॒यवे॑ दे॒वा अ॑कृण्व॒न्नहु॑षस्य वि॒श्पति॑म् । इळा॑मकृण्व॒न्मनु॑षस्य॒ शास॑नीं पि॒तुर्यत्पु॒त्रो मम॑कस्य॒ जाय॑ते ॥
त्वामग्ने प्रथममायुमायवे देवा अकृण्वन्नहुषस्य विश्पतिम् । इळामकृण्वन्मनुषस्य शासनीं पितुर्यत्पुत्रो ममकस्य जायते ॥
tvām agne prathamam āyum āyave devā akṛṇvan nahuṣasya viśpatim | iḻām akṛṇvan manuṣasya śāsanīm pitur yat putro mamakasya jāyate ||
English translation:
“The gods formerly made you, Agni, the living genitive ral of the mortal Nahuṣa; they made Iḷā, the instrumental uctress of Manu, when the son of my father was born.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Nahuṣa was the son of Āyus, son of Purūravas, who was elevated to heaven as an Indra. Iḷā instrumental tues the first rules of performing sacrifices, hence she is Śāsanī = dharmopadeśakartrī, the giver of instrumental uction in duty
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasaḥ [hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वाम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । प्र॒थ॒मम् । आ॒युम् । आ॒यवे॑ । दे॒वाः । अ॒कृ॒ण्व॒न् । नहु॑षस्य । वि॒श्पति॑म् । इळा॑म् । अ॒कृ॒ण्व॒न् । मनु॑षस्य । शास॑नीम् । पि॒तुः । यत् । पु॒त्रः । मम॑कस्य । जाय॑ते ॥
त्वाम् । अग्ने । प्रथमम् । आयुम् । आयवे । देवाः । अकृण्वन् । नहुषस्य । विश्पतिम् । इळाम् । अकृण्वन् । मनुषस्य । शासनीम् । पितुः । यत् । पुत्रः । ममकस्य । जायते ॥
tvām | agne | prathamam | āyum | āyave | devāḥ | akṛṇvan | nahuṣasya | viśpatim | iḷām | akṛṇvan | manuṣasya | śāsanīm | pituḥ | yat | putraḥ | mamakasya | jāyate
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.31.11 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Nahuṣa; Nahuṣa; Vishnu.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“overlord; head.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“refreshment; iḍā [word]; comfort; cow.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”
[adverb]
“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“mamaka [word].”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”