Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.31.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम॑ग्ने प्रथ॒मो अङ्गि॑रस्तमः क॒विर्दे॒वानां॒ परि॑ भूषसि व्र॒तम् । वि॒भुर्विश्व॑स्मै॒ भुव॑नाय॒ मेधि॑रो द्विमा॒ता श॒युः क॑ति॒धा चि॑दा॒यवे॑ ॥
त्वमग्ने प्रथमो अङ्गिरस्तमः कविर्देवानां परि भूषसि व्रतम् । विभुर्विश्वस्मै भुवनाय मेधिरो द्विमाता शयुः कतिधा चिदायवे ॥
tvam agne prathamo aṅgirastamaḥ kavir devānām pari bhūṣasi vratam | vibhur viśvasmai bhuvanāya medhiro dvimātā śayuḥ katidhā cid āyave ||
English translation:
“You, Agni, the first and chief Aṅgiras, grace the worship of the gods; sapient, maniforld, for the benefit of all the world, intelligent, the off-spring of two mothers, and reposing in various ways for the use of man.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Vibhu = of many kinds, alluding to many fires of the sacrifice;
Dvimāta = either of two mothers, i.e. the two sticks or the maker of two, i.e., heaven and earth
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasaḥ [hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । प्र॒थ॒मः । अङ्गि॑रःऽतमः । क॒विः । दे॒वाना॑म् । परि॑ । भू॒ष॒सि॒ । व्र॒तम् । वि॒ऽभुः । विश्व॑स्मै । भुव॑नाय । मेधि॑रः । द्वि॒ऽमा॒ता । श॒युः । क॒ति॒धा । चि॒त् । आ॒यवे॑ ॥
त्वम् । अग्ने । प्रथमः । अङ्गिरःतमः । कविः । देवानाम् । परि । भूषसि । व्रतम् । विभुः । विश्वस्मै । भुवनाय । मेधिरः । द्विमाता । शयुः । कतिधा । चित् । आयवे ॥
tvam | agne | prathamaḥ | aṅgiraḥ-tamaḥ | kaviḥ | devānām | pari | bhūṣasi | vratam | vi-bhuḥ | viśvasmai | bhuvanāya | medhiraḥ | dvi-mātā | śayuḥ | katidhā | cit | āyave
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.31.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“from; about; around.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“endeavor; attend; strive.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“mighty; abundant; big.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“wise; intelligent.”
[noun]
“two; dvi [word]; second.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“lying.”
[adverb]
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine