Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.31.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम॑ग्ने प्रथ॒मो अङ्गि॑रा॒ ऋषि॑र्दे॒वो दे॒वाना॑मभवः शि॒वः सखा॑ । तव॑ व्र॒ते क॒वयो॑ विद्म॒नाप॒सोऽजा॑यन्त म॒रुतो॒ भ्राज॑दृष्टयः ॥
त्वमग्ने प्रथमो अङ्गिरा ऋषिर्देवो देवानामभवः शिवः सखा । तव व्रते कवयो विद्मनापसोऽजायन्त मरुतो भ्राजदृष्टयः ॥
tvam agne prathamo aṅgirā ṛṣir devo devānām abhavaḥ śivaḥ sakhā | tava vrate kavayo vidmanāpaso 'jāyanta maruto bhrājadṛṣṭayaḥ ||
English translation:
“You, Agni, was th first Aṅgiras Ṛṣi, a divinity, you were the auspicious friend of the deities. In your rite the wise, the all-discerning, the bright-weaponed Maruts were engendered.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
He was the first, as the progenitor of all the Aṅgirasas which are the coals or cinders of the sacrificial fire
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasaḥ [hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । प्र॒थ॒माः । अङ्गि॑राः । ऋषिः॑ । दे॒वः । दे॒वाना॑म् । अ॒भ॒वः॒ । शि॒वः । सखा॑ । तव॑ । व्र॒ते । क॒वयः॑ । वि॒द्म॒नाऽअ॑पसः । अजा॑यन्त । म॒रुतः॑ । भ्राज॑त्ऽऋष्टयः ॥
त्वम् । अग्ने । प्रथमाः । अङ्गिराः । ऋषिः । देवः । देवानाम् । अभवः । शिवः । सखा । तव । व्रते । कवयः । विद्मनाअपसः । अजायन्त । मरुतः । भ्राजत्ऋष्टयः ॥
tvam | agne | prathamāḥ | aṅgirā | ṛṣiḥ | devaḥ | devānām | abhavaḥ | śivaḥ | sakhā | tava | vrate | kavayaḥ | vidmanāapasaḥ | ajāyanta | marutaḥ | bhrājat-ṛṣṭayaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.31.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Ṛṣi; spiritual teacher; ascetic; Mantra.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“auspicious; benevolent; benign; good-hearted; dear; śiva [word]; holy; nice.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[noun], genitive, singular
“you.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”
[noun]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“work; deed.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”
[verb noun]
“shine; glitter; look.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“spear.”