Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.22.18
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रीणि॑ प॒दा वि च॑क्रमे॒ विष्णु॑र्गो॒पा अदा॑भ्यः । अतो॒ धर्मा॑णि धा॒रय॑न् ॥
त्रीणि पदा वि चक्रमे विष्णुर्गोपा अदाभ्यः । अतो धर्माणि धारयन् ॥
trīṇi padā vi cakrame viṣṇur gopā adābhyaḥ | ato dharmāṇi dhārayan ||
English translation:
“Viṣṇu, the preserver, the uninjurable, stepped three steps, upholding thereby righteous acts.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Gopā, sarvasya jagato rakṣakaḥ: the preserver of all the worlds; the principal attribute of Viṣṇu
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viṣṇuḥ ;
Chandas (meter): pipīlikāmadhyānicṛdgāyatrī;;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रीणि॑ । प॒दा । वि । च॒क्र॒मे॒ । विष्णुः॑ । गो॒पाः । अदा॑भ्यः । अतः॑ । धर्मा॑णि । धा॒रय॑न् ॥
त्रीणि । पदा । वि । चक्रमे । विष्णुः । गोपाः । अदाभ्यः । अतः । धर्माणि । धारयन् ॥
trīṇi | padā | vi | cakrame | viṣṇuḥ | gopāḥ | adābhyaḥ | ataḥ | dharmāṇi | dhārayan
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.22.18 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“herder; defender.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“trustworthy; disabused(p).”
[adverb]
“now; therefore; then; from there; hence; consequently; then; hence; henceforth.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“Dharma; custom; dharma [word]; regulation; duty; Dharma; Dharma; Dharma; Dharma; law; law; peculiarity; justice.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”