Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.20.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

य इन्द्रा॑य वचो॒युजा॑ तत॒क्षुर्मन॑सा॒ हरी॑ । शमी॑भिर्य॒ज्ञमा॑शत ॥
य इन्द्राय वचोयुजा ततक्षुर्मनसा हरी । शमीभिर्यज्ञमाशत ॥
ya indrāya vacoyujā tatakṣur manasā harī | śamībhir yajñam āśata ||

English translation:

“They who created mentally for Indra the horses that are harnessed (carved) at his words, have partaken of the sacrifice performed with holy acts. (śamībhiḥ = ceremonies; i.e. they have pervaded, appropriated or accepted the sacrifice peformed with tongs, ladles, and utensils; an intimation of the mechanical skills of Ṛbhu).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Grahacamasādiniśpādanarūpaiḥ karmabhir, yajñam, asmadīyam āśata (vyāptavantaḥ): they have pervaded (or accepted) our sacrifice, performed with those acts which are executed by means of tongs, ladles, and other (utensils used in oblations). Ṛbhus invented these implements, and attest to their mechanical skills

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ṛbhavaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ये । इन्द्रा॑य । व॒चः॒ऽयुजा॑ । त॒त॒क्षुः । मन॑सा । हरी॒ इति॑ । शमा॑ईभिः । य॒ज्ञम् । आ॒श॒त॒ ॥
ये । इन्द्राय । वचःयुजा । ततक्षुः । मनसा । हरी इति । शमाईभिः । यज्ञम् । आशत ॥
ye | indrāya | vacaḥ-yujā | tatakṣuḥ | manasā | harī iti | śamāībhiḥ | yajñam | āśata

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.20.2 English analysis of grammar]

ya < ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

indrāya < indra

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

vacoyujā < vacaḥ < vacas

[noun], neuter

“statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

vacoyujā < yujā < yuj

[noun], accusative, dual, masculine

“amalgamated; harnessed.”

tatakṣur < tatakṣuḥ < takṣ

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”

manasā < manas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“mind; Manas; purpose; idea; attention; heart; decision; manas [word]; manas [indecl.]; spirit; temper; intelligence.”

harī < hari

[noun], accusative, dual, masculine

“Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

śamībhir < śamībhiḥ < śamī

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“Prosopis spicigera Linn.; śamī [word]; Acacia sundra; attempt; labor.”

yajñam < yajña

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

āśata <

[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)

“get; reach; enter (a state).”

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