Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.20.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒यं दे॒वाय॒ जन्म॑ने॒ स्तोमो॒ विप्रे॑भिरास॒या । अका॑रि रत्न॒धात॑मः ॥
अयं देवाय जन्मने स्तोमो विप्रेभिरासया । अकारि रत्नधातमः ॥
ayaṃ devāya janmane stomo viprebhir āsayā | akāri ratnadhātamaḥ ||

English translation:

“This hymn, the bestower of riches, has been addressed by the sages, with their own mouths, to the (class of) divinities having birth (lit. to the divine or brilliant birth; e.g. Ṛbhus--Ṛbhu, Vibhu and Vāja were pious men, who through penance became divinities).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Devāya janmane: lit. to the divine or brilliant birth;

Janmane: jāyamānāya, being born, or having birth;

Devāya: deva-saṅghāya, a class of divinities, Ṛbhus who achieved deification: manuṣyāḥ santastapasā devatvam prāptāḥ. Ṛbhus were three sons of Sudhanvan, a descendant of Aṅgiras. Through their good work (svapas = su-apas), they became divine, exercised superhuman powers and became entitled to receive praise and adoration. They dwell in the solar sphere, identified with the rays of the sun

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): ṛbhavaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒यम् । दे॒वाय॑ । जन्म॑ने । स्तोमः॑ । विप्रे॑भिः । आ॒स॒या । अका॑रि । र॒त्न॒ऽधात॑मः ॥
अयम् । देवाय । जन्मने । स्तोमः । विप्रेभिः । आसया । अकारि । रत्नधातमः ॥
ayam | devāya | janmane | stomaḥ | viprebhiḥ | āsayā | akāri | ratna-dhātamaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.20.1 English analysis of grammar]

ayaṃ < ayam < idam

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

devāya < deva

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“divine.”

janmane < janman

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“birth; reincarnation; lineage; origin; race; metempsychosis; parentage; descent; appearance; age; birthplace; beginning; being.”

stomo < stomaḥ < stoma

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

viprebhir < viprebhiḥ < vipra

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“Brahmin; poet; singer; priest; guru; Vipra.”

āsayā

[adverb]

“orally.”

akāri < kṛ

[verb], singular, Aorist passive

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

ratnadhātamaḥ < ratna

[noun], neuter

“jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”

ratnadhātamaḥ < dhātamaḥ < dhātama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“giving.”

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