Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.13.9

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इळा॒ सर॑स्वती म॒ही ति॒स्रो दे॒वीर्म॑यो॒भुव॑: । ब॒र्हिः सी॑दन्त्व॒स्रिध॑: ॥
इळा सरस्वती मही तिस्रो देवीर्मयोभुवः । बर्हिः सीदन्त्वस्रिधः ॥
iḻā sarasvatī mahī tisro devīr mayobhuvaḥ | barhiḥ sīdantv asridhaḥ ||

English translation:

“May the three undecaying goddesses, givers of delight, Iḷā, Sarasvatī, and Mahī (= Bhāratī), sit down upon the sacred grass.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Mahi = Bhārati; Iḷā, Sarasvatī, Bhāratī are person nifications of agni: agnimūrtayaḥ; they are also three person nified flames of fire. As goddesses, Iḷā = earth (bride of Viṣṇu);

Sarasvatī = goddess of eloquence (wife of Brahmā);

Bharatī = speech (wife of Bharata, an Āditya)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): tistro devyaḥ- sarasvatīḷābhāratyaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

इळा॑ । सर॑स्वती । म॒ही । ति॒स्रः । दे॒वीः । म॒यः॒ऽभुवः॑ । ब॒र्हिः । सी॒द॒न्तु॒ । अ॒स्त्रिधः॑ ॥
इळा । सरस्वती । मही । तिस्रः । देवीः । मयःभुवः । बर्हिः । सीदन्तु । अस्त्रिधः ॥
iḷā | sarasvatī | mahī | tisraḥ | devīḥ | mayaḥ-bhuvaḥ | barhiḥ | sīdantu | asridhaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.13.9 English analysis of grammar]

iḍā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“refreshment; iḍā [word]; comfort; cow.”

sarasvatī

[noun], nominative, dual, feminine

“Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

mahī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Earth; floor; Earth; land; real property; heaven and earth; space; Mahī; soil; earth; estate; area.”

tisro < tisraḥ < tri

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

devīr < devīḥ < devī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Parvati; queen; goddess; Devi.”

mayobhuvaḥ < mayobhu

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

barhiḥ < barhis

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Barhis; barhis [word].”

sīdantv < sīdantu < sad

[verb], plural, Present imperative

“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

asridhaḥ < asridh

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“unfailing.”

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