Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.12.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

घृता॑हवन दीदिव॒: प्रति॑ ष्म॒ रिष॑तो दह । अग्ने॒ त्वं र॑क्ष॒स्विन॑: ॥
घृताहवन दीदिवः प्रति ष्म रिषतो दह । अग्ने त्वं रक्षस्विनः ॥
ghṛtāhavana dīdivaḥ prati ṣma riṣato daha | agne tvaṃ rakṣasvinaḥ ||

English translation:

“Resplendent Agni, invoked by oblations of clarified butter, consume our adversaries, who are defended by evil spirits.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Rakṣasvinaḥ = having or being attended by rākṣasas (rakṣoyuktān)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

घृत॑ऽआहवन । दी॒दि॒ऽवः॒ । प्रति॑ । स्म॒ । रिष॑तः । द॒ह॒ । अग्ने॑ । त्वम् । र॒क्ष॒स्विनः॑ ॥
घृतआहवन । दीदिवः । प्रति । स्म । रिषतः । दह । अग्ने । त्वम् । रक्षस्विनः ॥
ghṛta-āhavana | dīdi-vaḥ | prati | sma | riṣataḥ | daha | agne | tvam | rakṣasvinaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.12.5 English analysis of grammar]

ghṛtāhavana

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

dīdivaḥ < dīdivas < dīdī

[verb noun], vocative, singular

“shine; glitter.”

prati

[adverb]

“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

ṣma < sma

[adverb]

riṣato < riṣataḥ < riṣ

[verb noun], accusative, plural

“suffer; harm.”

daha < dah

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“burn; cauterize; heat; burn; burn; burn; roast; blaze; burn; distress; destroy.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

rakṣasvinaḥ < rakṣasvin

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“malevolent; demoniac; obsessed.”

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