Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.8.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नि येन॑ मुष्टिह॒त्यया॒ नि वृ॒त्रा रु॒णधा॑महै । त्वोता॑सो॒ न्यर्व॑ता ॥
नि येन मुष्टिहत्यया नि वृत्रा रुणधामहै । त्वोतासो न्यर्वता ॥
ni yena muṣṭihatyayā ni vṛtrā ruṇadhāmahai | tvotāso ny arvatā ||
English translation:
“By which we may repel our enemies, whether (encountering them) hand to hand, or on horse-back; ever protected by you. (muṣṭihatyayā = muṣṭiprahāreṇa) = lit. by striking with the fist; on horseback = with a horse (a reference to infantry and cavalry)].”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): madhucchandāḥ vaiśvāmitraḥ [madhucchandas vaiśvāmitra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नि । येन॑ । मु॒ष्टि॒ऽह॒त्यया॑ । नि । वृ॒त्रा । रु॒णधा॑महै । त्वाऽऊ॑तासः । नि । अर्व॑ता ॥
नि । येन । मुष्टिहत्यया । नि । वृत्रा । रुणधामहै । त्वाऊतासः । नि । अर्वता ॥
ni | yena | muṣṭi-hatyayā | ni | vṛtrā | ruṇadhāmahai | tvāūtāsaḥ | ni | arvatā
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.8.2 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], masculine
“fist; handful; pestle; muṣṭi [word]; pala.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“murder; blow; fight; killing.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“enemy.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“fill into; close; insert; put; enclose; obstruct; seal; besiege; cover; blockade; stop; lock in; plug; withhold; extinguish; connect.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“horse.”