Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.4.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्य पी॒त्वा श॑तक्रतो घ॒नो वृ॒त्राणा॑मभवः । प्रावो॒ वाजे॑षु वा॒जिन॑म् ॥
अस्य पीत्वा शतक्रतो घनो वृत्राणामभवः । प्रावो वाजेषु वाजिनम् ॥
asya pītvā śatakrato ghano vṛtrāṇām abhavaḥ | prāvo vājeṣu vājinam ||

English translation:

“Having drunk, Śatakratu, of this (Soma juice), you became the slayer of the Vṛtras; you defend the warrior in battle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Śatakratu = Indra, connected with a hundred (many) acts, religious rites, bahu-karma-yukta, either as the performer of rites, or the object of the rites; or, alternatively, 'endowed with great wisdom';

Kratu = karma, act or prajña, knowledge;

Vṛtrāṇām = enemies of whom the asura, Vṛtra was the chief

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): madhucchandāḥ vaiśvāmitraḥ [madhucchandas vaiśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒स्य । पी॒त्वा । श॒त॒क्र॒तो॒ इति॑ शतऽक्रतो । घ॒नः । वृ॒त्राणा॑म् । अ॒भ॒वः॒ । प्र । आ॒वः॒ । वाजे॑षु । वा॒जिन॑म् ॥
अस्य । पीत्वा । शतक्रतो इति शतक्रतो । घनः । वृत्राणाम् । अभवः । प्र । आवः । वाजेषु । वाजिनम् ॥
asya | pītvā | śatakrato itiśata-krato | ghanaḥ | vṛtrāṇām | abhavaḥ | pra | āvaḥ | vājeṣu | vājinam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.4.8 English analysis of grammar]

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

pītvā <

[verb noun]

“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

śatakrato < śatakratu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

ghano < ghanaḥ < ghana

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“abhra; cloud; hammer; ghana; hammer; rainy season; tin; iron; ghana [word]; ghana; nutgrass; ball; phlegm.”

vṛtrāṇām < vṛtra

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

abhavaḥ < bhū

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

prāvo < prāvaḥ < prāv < √av

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“help; promote.”

vājeṣu < vāja

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

vājinam < vājin

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: