Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.3.12

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒हो अर्ण॒: सर॑स्वती॒ प्र चे॑तयति के॒तुना॑ । धियो॒ विश्वा॒ वि रा॑जति ॥
महो अर्णः सरस्वती प्र चेतयति केतुना । धियो विश्वा वि राजति ॥
maho arṇaḥ sarasvatī pra cetayati ketunā | dhiyo viśvā vi rājati ||

English translation:

Sarasvatī, makes manifest by her acts a mighty river, and (in her own form) enlightens all understandings.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sarasvatī is the river in this hymn: dvividhā hi sarasvatī vigrahavaddevatā nadīrūpā ca, tatra sarasvatītyetasya nadīvaddevatāvacca nigamā bhavanti (Nirukta 2.23)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): madhucchandāḥ vaiśvāmitraḥ [madhucchandas vaiśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): sarasvatī;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

म॒हः । अर्णः॑ । सर॑स्वती । प्र । चे॒त॒य॒ति॒ । के॒तुना॑ । धियः॑ । विश्वाः॑ । वि । रा॒ज॒ति॒ ॥
महः । अर्णः । सरस्वती । प्र । चेतयति । केतुना । धियः । विश्वाः । वि । राजति ॥
mahaḥ | arṇaḥ | sarasvatī | pra | cetayati | ketunā | dhiyaḥ | viśvāḥ | vi | rājati

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.3.12 English analysis of grammar]

maho < mahaḥ < mah

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

arṇaḥ < arṇas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“body of water; water.”

sarasvatī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

cetayati < cetay < √cit

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“blaze; notice.”

ketunā < ketu

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”

dhiyo < dhiyaḥ < dhī

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

viśvā < viśvāḥ < viśva

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

rājati < rāj

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“govern; shine; glitter; direct.”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: