Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.1.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यद॒ङ्ग दा॒शुषे॒ त्वमग्ने॑ भ॒द्रं क॑रि॒ष्यसि॑ । तवेत्तत्स॒त्यम॑ङ्गिरः ॥
यदङ्ग दाशुषे त्वमग्ने भद्रं करिष्यसि । तवेत्तत्सत्यमङ्गिरः ॥
yad aṅga dāśuṣe tvam agne bhadraṃ kariṣyasi | tavet tat satyam aṅgiraḥ ||

English translation:

“Whatever good you may, Agni, bestow upon the giver (of the oblation), that verily, Aṅgiras shall revert to you.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Aṅgiras = aṅgāra, a live coal (Nirukta 3.17); 'the coals became the Aṅgirasas', ye aṅgārāḥ āsanste aṅgiraso abhavan (Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 3.34); the legend: (Mahābhārata, Vanaparvan, Vol. II) Mārkaṇḍeya tells Yudhiṣṭhira, when the latter asks, "How is it that while Agni, went too the forest and ceased his functions; yet, Aṅgiras became Agni to convey the oblations to gods? How is it that Agni, who is one, becomes many?" Agni, says Mārkaṇḍeya, engaged in penance and relinquished his duties; Muni Aṅgiras took upon himself the office of Agni. When he prevailed upon Agni to resume his office, the latter became his son; his descendants, the Aṅgirasas, therefore are also the descendants of Agni, or so many Agnis, or fires. The fires are enumerated at length, explained as person nification of light, of luminous bodies, of divisions of time, of celestial phenomena, and fires adapted to peculiar occasions (full-moon, changes in phases of moon or to particular rites, aśvamedha, rājasūya, pāka yajñas (sacrifices with food), obsequial and funeral fires, expiatory fires). A further legend is told: First Agni is called Saha, who hid himself in the ocean to avoid the approach of Niyata, the son of Bharata, the fire of the funeral pile. The text says, 'through fear'; Sāyaṇa adds: either through fear of being rendered impure by his contact, or being ashamed of his relationship, Niyata being his own grandson. When gods came looking for Agni, the latter designated as his substitute, Atharvan, also called Aṅgiras

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): madhucchandāḥ vaiśvāmitraḥ [madhucchandas vaiśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यत् । अ॒ङ्ग । दा॒शुषे॑ । त्वम् । अग्ने॑ । भ॒द्रम् । क॒रि॒ष्यसि॑ । तव॑ । इत् । तत् । स॒त्यम् । अ॒ङ्गि॒रः॒ ॥
यत् । अङ्ग । दाशुषे । त्वम् । अग्ने । भद्रम् । करिष्यसि । तव । इत् । तत् । सत्यम् । अङ्गिरः ॥
yat | aṅga | dāśuṣe | tvam | agne | bhadram | kariṣyasi | tava | it | tat | satyam | aṅgiraḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.1.6 English analysis of grammar]

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

aṅga

[adverb]

“in truth; aṅga [word]; entirely; merely.”

dāśuṣe < dāś

[verb noun], dative, singular

“sacrifice; give.”

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

bhadraṃ < bhadram < bhadra

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“auspicious; lovely; good; happy; bhadra [word]; lucky; fine-looking; beautiful.”

kariṣyasi < kṛ

[verb], singular, Future

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

tavet < tava < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

tavet < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

tat < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

satyam < satya

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

“true; real; real; faithful; good.”

aṅgiraḥ < aṅgiras

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”

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