Verse 10.15-18

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

ब्राह्मणादुग्रकन्यायामावृतो नाम जायते ।
आभीरोऽम्बष्ठकन्यायामायोगव्यां तु धिग्वणः ॥ १५ ॥
आयोगवश्च क्षत्ता च चण्डालश्चाधमो नृणाम् ।
प्रातिलोम्येन जायन्ते शूद्रादपसदास्त्रयः ॥ १६ ॥
वैश्यान् मागधवैदेहौ क्षत्रियात् सूत एव तु ।
प्रतीपमेते जायन्ते परेऽप्यपसदास्त्रयः ॥ १७ ॥
जातो निषादात्शूद्रायां जात्या भवति पुक्कसः ।
शूद्राज् जातो निषाद्यां तु स वै कुक्कुटकः स्मृतः ॥ १८ ॥

brāhmaṇādugrakanyāyāmāvṛto nāma jāyate |
ābhīro'mbaṣṭhakanyāyāmāyogavyāṃ tu dhigvaṇaḥ || 15 ||
āyogavaśca kṣattā ca caṇḍālaścādhamo nṛṇām |
prātilomyena jāyante śūdrādapasadāstrayaḥ || 16 ||
vaiśyān māgadhavaidehau kṣatriyāt sūta eva tu |
pratīpamete jāyante pare'pyapasadāstrayaḥ || 17 ||
jāto niṣādātśūdrāyāṃ jātyā bhavati pukkasaḥ |
śūdrāj jāto niṣādyāṃ tu sa vai kukkuṭakaḥ smṛtaḥ || 18 ||

The ‘Āvṛta’ is born from the Brāhmaṇa on the ‘ugra’ maiden, the ‘Ābhīra’ on the ‘Ambaṣṭha’ maiden and the ‘Dhigvaṇa’ on the ‘Āyogava’ maiden.—(15)

From the Śūdra spring in the inverse order three low-born sons—the ‘Āyogava’ the ‘Kṣattṛ,’ and the ‘Caṇḍāla,’ the lowest of men.—(16)

From the Vaiśya are born in the inverse order the ‘Māgadha’ and the ‘Vaideha’; but from the Kṣatriya, the ‘Sūta’ only; these three being the other ‘low-born’ ones.—(17)

One born from the ‘Niṣāda’ on the Śūdra woman is a ‘Pukkasa’ by caste; but one born from the Śūdra on the ‘Niṣāda’ woman is called the ‘Kukkaṭaka’.—(18)

 

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

(verses 10.15-18)

The ‘Niṣāda’ meant here is not the caste born from the Brāhmaṇa on the Śūdra girl, which has been described above (Verse 8), but the child born in the ‘inverse order,’ which is going to be mentioned later on. That this must be so is clear from the fact that the present context deals with ‘inverse-born castes;’ it being well-known that the ‘Pukkasa’ is a caste of this latter class.—(15- 18)

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

(verse 10.16)

“Kullūka thinks that the Pratilomas are enumerated once more in order to show that they are unfit to fulfil the duties of sons.”—Buhler.

This verse is quoted in Parāśaramādhava (Ācāra, p. 513).

(verse 10.17)

This verse is quoted in Parāśaramādhava (Ācāra, p. 514).

 

Comparative notes by various authors

(verses 10.6-41)

See Comparative notes for Verse 10.6.