Verse 1.31

Medhātithi Manubhāṣya

pṛthivyādīnāṃ lokānāṃ vivṛddhyartham | vṛddhiḥ puṣṭir bāhulyaṃ vā | brāhmaṇādiṣu caturṣu varṇeṣu satsu trayāṇāṃ lokānāṃ vṛddhiḥ | “itaḥ pradānaṃ devā upajīvanti” (Taittirīya Saṃhitā 3.2.9.7) | te ca yāgādyadhikṛtāḥ | atas taiḥ karma kṛtam ubhau lokau vardhayati | puruṣakarmapracoditā devāḥ | “ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭiḥ” (Manusmṛti or Mānava-dharmaśāstra 3.66 3546022373927277174) iti, asyāpi lokasya vṛṣṭir vṛddhiḥ | brāhmaṇādīn varṇān niravartayan nirvartitavān asṛjat | mukhabāhūrupādataḥ, yathākramaṃ mukhād brāhmaṇam, bāhubhyāṃ rājanyam, ūrubhyāṃ vaiśyam, śūdraṃ pādata iti | tasiḥ apādāne (Pāṇini, Aṣṭādhyāyī 5.4.45) | kāraṇāt kāryaṃ niṣkṛṣyata iveti bhavati | apāye sati apādānatvam | ādyaṃ kaṃcid brāhmaṇaṃ svamukhāvayavebhyo daivyā śaktyā nirmitavān, adyatanānāṃ sarveṣāṃ mithunasaṃprayogadvāreṇa tattvebhya utpattidarśanāt | paramārthataḥ stutir eṣā varṇānām utkarṣāpakarṣapradarśanārtham | sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prajāpatiḥ śreṣṭhas | tasyāpi sarveṣām aṅgānāṃ mukham | brāhmaṇo'pi sarveṣāṃ varṇānāṃ praśasyatamaḥ | etena sāmānyena brahmamukhād utpanna ity ucyate | mukhakarmādhyāpanādyatiśayād vā mukhata ity ucyate | kṣatriyasyāpi bāhukarma yuddham | vaiśyasyāpy ūrukarma paśūn rakṣato gobhiś carantībhir bhramaṇam, sthalapathavāripathādiṣu vāṇijyāyai gamanam | śūdrasya pādakarma śuśrūṣā || 1.31 ||