Mahabharata [sanskrit]

699,462 words | ISBN-10: 812150094X | ISBN-13: 9788121500944

The Sanskrit edition of the Mahabharata, one of the largest epic poems ever written, consisting of 100,000 metrical verses. Consisting of 18 books, the Mahabharata details the history and legends concerning ancient India (Bharata), including a major battle campaign involving the Kauravas and the Pandavas, also known as the Kurukshetra War. This portion also contains the Bhagavad-Gita. Alternative titles: Mahābhārata (महाभारत).

Verse 1.221.1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततः प्रज्वलिते शुक्रे शार्ङ्गकास्ते सुदुःखिताः ।
व्यथिताः परमोद्विग्ना नाधिजग्मुः परायणम् ॥ १ ॥

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca |
tataḥ prajvalite śukre śārṅgakāste suduḥkhitāḥ |
vyathitāḥ paramodvignā nādhijagmuḥ parāyaṇam || 1 ||

Note! The following is not a translation of the above verse, but merely an arbitrary extract of the English text.

...deer and buffaloes by hundreds, and birds, and various other creatures, frightened at the falling stones and extremely anxious, began to fly in all directions. They saw the forest (burning...

English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013) Read online Buy now!

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.221.1). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Vaishampayana, Tatah, Tad, Tata, Prajvalita, Shukra, Sharngaka, Yushmad, Suduhkhita, Vyathita, Parama, Udvigna, Nri, Adhi, Parayana,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Mahabharata Verse 1.221.1). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca
  • vaiśampāyana* -
  • vaiśampāyana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • uvāca -
  • vac (verb class 2)
    [perfect active first single], [perfect active third single]
    vac (verb class 3)
    [perfect active first single], [perfect active third single]
  • Line 2: “tataḥ prajvalite śukre śārṅgakāste suduḥkhitāḥ
  • tataḥ -
  • tataḥ (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tataḥ (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    tata (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    tan -> tata (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √tan class 8 verb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
  • prajvalite -
  • prajvalita (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    prajvalita (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    prajvalitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • śukre -
  • śukra (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    śukra (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    śukrā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • śārṅgakās -
  • śārṅgaka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
  • te -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    yuṣmad (pronoun, none)
    [dative single], [genitive single]
  • suduḥkhitāḥ -
  • suduḥkhita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    suduḥkhitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • Line 3: “vyathitāḥ paramodvignā nādhijagmuḥ parāyaṇam
  • vyathitāḥ -
  • vyathita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    vyathitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    vyath -> vyathita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √vyath class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √vyath class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √vyath], [vocative plural from √vyath]
    vyath -> vyathitā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √vyath class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √vyath class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √vyath class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √vyath], [vocative plural from √vyath], [accusative plural from √vyath]
  • paramo -
  • parama (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    parama (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    paramā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • udvignā* -
  • udvigna (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    udvignā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    nṛ (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • ādhi -
  • ādhi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    ādhī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    ādhi (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • jagmuḥ -
  • gam (verb class 1)
    [perfect active third plural]
    gam (verb class 2)
    [perfect active third plural]
    gam (verb class 3)
    [perfect active third plural]
  • parāyaṇam -
  • parāyaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    parāyaṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    parāyaṇā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Mahabharata Verse 1.221.1

Cover of edition (2013)

The complete Mahabharata (12 Volumes)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013)

4900 pages; [Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.] ISBN: ‎ 812150094X or 9788121500944;

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Cover of edition (2003)

The Mahabharata in Kannada (Set of 32 Volumes)
by Bharatha Darshana Bangalore (2003)

ಶ್ರೇಮಹಭಾರತ [ಮಹಾಭಾರತ]; 13907 pages;

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Preview of verse 1.221.1 in Kannada sript:
ವೈಶಂಪಾಯನ ಉವಾಚ ।
ತತಃ ಪ್ರಜ್ವಲಿತೇ ಶುಕ್ರೇ ಶಾರ್ಙ್ಗಕಾಸ್ತೇ ಸುದುಃಖಿತಾಃ ।
ವ್ಯಥಿತಾಃ ಪರಮೋದ್ವಿಗ್ನಾ ನಾಧಿಜಗ್ಮುಃ ಪರಾಯಣಮ್ ॥ ೧ ॥

Cover of edition (2008)

The Complete Mahabharata (9 volumes)
by M. N. Dutt (2008)

6415 pages; Sanskrit Text with English Translation; [Edited By: Dr. Ishwar Chandra Sharma & Dr. O.N. Bimali] [Publisher: Parimal Publication Pvt. Ltd.]

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Cover of edition (2017)

Mahabharata (Hindi Translation, Six Volumes)
by Sahityacharya Pandit Ramnarayandutt Shastri Pandey "Ram" (2017)

7350 pages; [महाभारत] [Publisher: Gita Press, Gorakhpur] 44 Color and Black/white illustrations.

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Cover of Bengali edition

The Mahabharata in Bengali (Two Volumes)
by Akshay Library, Kolkata (2019)

3049 pages; [মহাভারত] [মহার্ষী বদভ্যাস (Maharishi Vedvyas)]

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Preview of verse 1.221.1 in Bengali sript:
বৈশংপাযন উবাচ ।
ততঃ প্রজ্বলিতে শুক্রে শার্ঙ্গকাস্তে সুদুঃখিতাঃ ।
ব্যথিতাঃ পরমোদ্বিগ্না নাধিজগ্মুঃ পরাযণম্ ॥ ১ ॥

Cover of Gujarati edition

Mahabharat in Gujarati (20 Volumes)
by Dinkar Joshi (દિનકર જોશી) (2010)

14252 pages; [મહાભારત] [Publisher: Pravin Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, Rajkot]

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Preview of verse 1.221.1 in Gujarati sript:
વૈશંપાયન ઉવાચ ।
તતઃ પ્રજ્વલિતે શુક્રે શાર્ઙ્ગકાસ્તે સુદુઃખિતાઃ ।
વ્યથિતાઃ પરમોદ્વિગ્ના નાધિજગ્મુઃ પરાયણમ્ ॥ ૧ ॥

Cover of edition (2018)

Shri Mahabharatam in Malayalam (2 volumes)
by Swami Mridananda (2018)

1681 pages; [Publisher: Ramakrishna Math, Thrissur]

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Preview of verse 1.221.1 in Malayalam sript:
വൈശംപായന ഉവാച ।
തതഃ പ്രജ്വലിതേ ശുക്രേ ശാര്ങ്ഗകാസ്തേ സുദുഃഖിതാഃ ।
വ്യഥിതാഃ പരമോദ്വിഗ്നാ നാധിജഗ്മുഃ പരായണമ് ॥ ൧ ॥

Cover of edition (2018)

Mahabharata in Telugu (7 Volumes)
by Gita Press, Gorakhpur (2018)

7248pages

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Preview of verse 1.221.1 in Telugu sript:
వైశంపాయన ఉవాచ ।
తతః ప్రజ్వలితే శుక్రే శార్ఙ్గకాస్తే సుదుఃఖితాః ।
వ్యథితాః పరమోద్విగ్నా నాధిజగ్ముః పరాయణమ్ ॥ ౧ ॥

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