Mahabharata [sanskrit]

699,462 words | ISBN-10: 812150094X | ISBN-13: 9788121500944

The Sanskrit edition of the Mahabharata, one of the largest epic poems ever written, consisting of 100,000 metrical verses. Consisting of 18 books, the Mahabharata details the history and legends concerning ancient India (Bharata), including a major battle campaign involving the Kauravas and the Pandavas, also known as the Kurukshetra War. This portion also contains the Bhagavad-Gita. Alternative titles: Mahābhārata (महाभारत).

Verse 1.42.4

जरत्कारुरुवाच ।
ममायं पितरो नित्यं हृद्यर्थः परिवर्तते ।
ऊर्ध्वरेताः शरीरं वै प्रापयेयममुत्र वै ॥ ४ ॥

jaratkāruruvāca |
mamāyaṃ pitaro nityaṃ hṛdyarthaḥ parivartate |
ūrdhvaretāḥ śarīraṃ vai prāpayeyamamutra vai || 4 ||

Note! The following is not a translation of the above verse, but merely an arbitrary extract of the English text.

...this cord of virana roots already eaten away by the rat, dwelling in this hole, is itself being gradually eaten away by the same rat with his sharp teeth. The little that remains of that...

English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013) Read online Buy now!

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.42.4). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Jaratkaru, Asmad, Mama, Aya, Idam, Pitri, Nityam, Nitya, Hrid, Hridya, Artha, Parivarta, Tad, Yushmad, Urdhvareta, Urdhvaretas, Sharira, Prapa, Yeya, Amutra,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Mahabharata Verse 1.42.4). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “jaratkāruruvāca
  • jaratkārur -
  • jaratkāru (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    jaratkāru (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • uvāca -
  • vac (verb class 2)
    [perfect active first single], [perfect active third single]
    vac (verb class 3)
    [perfect active first single], [perfect active third single]
  • Line 2: “mamāyaṃ pitaro nityaṃ hṛdyarthaḥ parivartate
  • mamā -
  • asmad (pronoun, none)
    [genitive single]
    mamā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 2)
    [perfect active second plural]
    (verb class 3)
    [perfect active second plural]
    (verb class 4)
    [perfect active second plural]
    (verb class 1)
    [perfect active second plural]
  • ayam -
  • aya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    idam (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pitaro* -
  • pitṛ (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • nityam -
  • nityam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    nitya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    nitya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    nityā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • hṛdya -
  • hṛdya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    hṛdya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    hṛd (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • arthaḥ -
  • artha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • parivarta -
  • parivarta (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • te -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    yuṣmad (pronoun, none)
    [dative single], [genitive single]
  • Line 3: “ūrdhvaretāḥ śarīraṃ vai prāpayeyamamutra vai
  • ūrdhvaretāḥ -
  • ūrdhvareta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    ūrdhvaretā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    ūrdhvaretas (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • śarīram -
  • śarīra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • vai -
  • (verb class 1)
    [present middle first single], [imperative middle first single]
  • prāpa -
  • prāpa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    prāpa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • yeyam -
  • -> yeya (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √ class 2 verb]
    -> yeya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √ class 2 verb], [accusative single from √ class 2 verb]
  • amutra -
  • amutra (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • vai -
  • (verb class 1)
    [present middle first single], [imperative middle first single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Mahabharata Verse 1.42.4

Cover of edition (2013)

The complete Mahabharata (12 Volumes)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013)

4900 pages; [Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.] ISBN: ‎ 812150094X or 9788121500944;

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Cover of edition (2003)

The Mahabharata in Kannada (Set of 32 Volumes)
by Bharatha Darshana Bangalore (2003)

ಶ್ರೇಮಹಭಾರತ [ಮಹಾಭಾರತ]; 13907 pages;

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Preview of verse 1.42.4 in Kannada sript:
ಜರತ್ಕಾರುರುವಾಚ ।
ಮಮಾಯಂ ಪಿತರೋ ನಿತ್ಯಂ ಹೃದ್ಯರ್ಥಃ ಪರಿವರ್ತತೇ ।
ಊರ್ಧ್ವರೇತಾಃ ಶರೀರಂ ವೈ ಪ್ರಾಪಯೇಯಮಮುತ್ರ ವೈ ॥ ೪ ॥

Cover of edition (2008)

The Complete Mahabharata (9 volumes)
by M. N. Dutt (2008)

6415 pages; Sanskrit Text with English Translation; [Edited By: Dr. Ishwar Chandra Sharma & Dr. O.N. Bimali] [Publisher: Parimal Publication Pvt. Ltd.]

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Cover of edition (2017)

Mahabharata (Hindi Translation, Six Volumes)
by Sahityacharya Pandit Ramnarayandutt Shastri Pandey "Ram" (2017)

7350 pages; [महाभारत] [Publisher: Gita Press, Gorakhpur] 44 Color and Black/white illustrations.

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Cover of Bengali edition

The Mahabharata in Bengali (Two Volumes)
by Akshay Library, Kolkata (2019)

3049 pages; [মহাভারত] [মহার্ষী বদভ্যাস (Maharishi Vedvyas)]

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Preview of verse 1.42.4 in Bengali sript:
জরত্কারুরুবাচ ।
মমাযং পিতরো নিত্যং হৃদ্যর্থঃ পরিবর্ততে ।
ঊর্ধ্বরেতাঃ শরীরং বৈ প্রাপযেযমমুত্র বৈ ॥ ৪ ॥

Cover of Gujarati edition

Mahabharat in Gujarati (20 Volumes)
by Dinkar Joshi (દિનકર જોશી) (2010)

14252 pages; [મહાભારત] [Publisher: Pravin Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, Rajkot]

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Preview of verse 1.42.4 in Gujarati sript:
જરત્કારુરુવાચ ।
મમાયં પિતરો નિત્યં હૃદ્યર્થઃ પરિવર્તતે ।
ઊર્ધ્વરેતાઃ શરીરં વૈ પ્રાપયેયમમુત્ર વૈ ॥ ૪ ॥

Cover of edition (2018)

Shri Mahabharatam in Malayalam (2 volumes)
by Swami Mridananda (2018)

1681 pages; [Publisher: Ramakrishna Math, Thrissur]

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Preview of verse 1.42.4 in Malayalam sript:
ജരത്കാരുരുവാച ।
മമായം പിതരോ നിത്യം ഹൃദ്യര്ഥഃ പരിവര്തതേ ।
ഊര്ധ്വരേതാഃ ശരീരം വൈ പ്രാപയേയമമുത്ര വൈ ॥ ൪ ॥

Cover of edition (2018)

Mahabharata in Telugu (7 Volumes)
by Gita Press, Gorakhpur (2018)

7248pages

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Preview of verse 1.42.4 in Telugu sript:
జరత్కారురువాచ ।
మమాయం పితరో నిత్యం హృద్యర్థః పరివర్తతే ।
ఊర్ధ్వరేతాః శరీరం వై ప్రాపయేయమముత్ర వై ॥ ౪ ॥

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