Mahabharata [sanskrit]

699,462 words | ISBN-10: 812150094X | ISBN-13: 9788121500944

The Sanskrit edition of the Mahabharata, one of the largest epic poems ever written, consisting of 100,000 metrical verses. Consisting of 18 books, the Mahabharata details the history and legends concerning ancient India (Bharata), including a major battle campaign involving the Kauravas and the Pandavas, also known as the Kurukshetra War. This portion also contains the Bhagavad-Gita. Alternative titles: Mahābhārata (महाभारत).

Verse 13.48.18

प्रतिलोमं तु वर्तन्तो बाह्याद्बाह्यतरं पुनः ।
हीना हीनात्प्रसूयन्ते वर्णाः पञ्चदशैव ते ॥ १८ ॥

pratilomaṃ tu vartanto bāhyādbāhyataraṃ punaḥ |
hīnā hīnātprasūyante varṇāḥ pañcadaśaiva te || 18 ||

Note! The following is not a translation of the above verse, but merely an arbitrary extract of the English text.

...own). Those sons, however, that are begotten by him on the two spouses that belong to the next two orders (viz., Vaisya and Sudra), are inferior, their status being determined not by that of their father but by that of their mothers. The son...

English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013) Read online Buy now!

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (13.48.18). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Pratiloma, Vartat, Bahyat, Bahya, Bahyatara, Puna, Hina, Prasuyat, Tad, Yushmad, Varna, Pancadasha, Pancadashan,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Mahabharata Verse 13.48.18). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “pratilomaṃ tu vartanto bāhyādbāhyataraṃ punaḥ
  • pratilomam -
  • pratiloma (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    pratiloma (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    pratilomā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • tu -
  • tu (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • vartanto* -
  • vṛt -> vartat (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √vṛt class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √vṛt class 1 verb]
  • bāhyād -
  • bāhyāt (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    bāhya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    bāhya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • bāhyataram -
  • bāhyatara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bāhyatara (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    bāhyatarā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • punaḥ -
  • pu (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    puna (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • Line 2: “hīnā hīnātprasūyante varṇāḥ pañcadaśaiva te
  • hīnā* -
  • hīna (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    hīnā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    -> hīna (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √ class 3 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 3 verb]
    -> hīnā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √ class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √ class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √ class 3 verb], [vocative plural from √ class 3 verb], [accusative plural from √ class 3 verb]
  • hīnāt -
  • hīna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    hīna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    -> hīna (participle, masculine)
    [ablative single from √ class 1 verb], [ablative single from √ class 3 verb]
    -> hīna (participle, neuter)
    [ablative single from √ class 1 verb], [ablative single from √ class 3 verb]
  • prasūyan -
  • prasūyat (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single], [vocative single]
  • te -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    yuṣmad (pronoun, none)
    [dative single], [genitive single]
  • varṇāḥ -
  • varṇa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    varṇā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • pañcadaśai -
  • pañcadaśa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    pañcadaśa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    pañcadaśan (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [nominative single]
    pañcadaśan (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • aiva -
  • i (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first dual]
  • te -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    yuṣmad (pronoun, none)
    [dative single], [genitive single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Mahabharata Verse 13.48.18

Cover of edition (2013)

The complete Mahabharata (12 Volumes)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013)

4900 pages; [Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.] ISBN: ‎ 812150094X or 9788121500944;

Buy now!
Cover of edition (2003)

The Mahabharata in Kannada (Set of 32 Volumes)
by Bharatha Darshana Bangalore (2003)

ಶ್ರೇಮಹಭಾರತ [ಮಹಾಭಾರತ]; 13907 pages;

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Preview of verse 13.48.18 in Kannada sript:
ಪ್ರತಿಲೋಮಂ ತು ವರ್ತನ್ತೋ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾದ್ಬಾಹ್ಯತರಂ ಪುನಃ ।
ಹೀನಾ ಹೀನಾತ್ಪ್ರಸೂಯನ್ತೇ ವರ್ಣಾಃ ಪಞ್ಚದಶೈವ ತೇ ॥ ೧೮ ॥

Cover of edition (2008)

The Complete Mahabharata (9 volumes)
by M. N. Dutt (2008)

6415 pages; Sanskrit Text with English Translation; [Edited By: Dr. Ishwar Chandra Sharma & Dr. O.N. Bimali] [Publisher: Parimal Publication Pvt. Ltd.]

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Cover of edition (2017)

Mahabharata (Hindi Translation, Six Volumes)
by Sahityacharya Pandit Ramnarayandutt Shastri Pandey "Ram" (2017)

7350 pages; [महाभारत] [Publisher: Gita Press, Gorakhpur] 44 Color and Black/white illustrations.

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Cover of Bengali edition

The Mahabharata in Bengali (Two Volumes)
by Akshay Library, Kolkata (2019)

3049 pages; [মহাভারত] [মহার্ষী বদভ্যাস (Maharishi Vedvyas)]

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Preview of verse 13.48.18 in Bengali sript:
প্রতিলোমং তু বর্তন্তো বাহ্যাদ্বাহ্যতরং পুনঃ ।
হীনা হীনাত্প্রসূযন্তে বর্ণাঃ পঞ্চদশৈব তে ॥ ১৮ ॥

Cover of Gujarati edition

Mahabharat in Gujarati (20 Volumes)
by Dinkar Joshi (દિનકર જોશી) (2010)

14252 pages; [મહાભારત] [Publisher: Pravin Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, Rajkot]

Buy now!

Preview of verse 13.48.18 in Gujarati sript:
પ્રતિલોમં તુ વર્તન્તો બાહ્યાદ્બાહ્યતરં પુનઃ ।
હીના હીનાત્પ્રસૂયન્તે વર્ણાઃ પઞ્ચદશૈવ તે ॥ ૧૮ ॥

Cover of edition (2018)

Shri Mahabharatam in Malayalam (2 volumes)
by Swami Mridananda (2018)

1681 pages; [Publisher: Ramakrishna Math, Thrissur]

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Preview of verse 13.48.18 in Malayalam sript:
പ്രതിലോമം തു വര്തന്തോ ബാഹ്യാദ്ബാഹ്യതരം പുനഃ ।
ഹീനാ ഹീനാത്പ്രസൂയന്തേ വര്ണാഃ പഞ്ചദശൈവ തേ ॥ ൧൮ ॥

Cover of edition (2018)

Mahabharata in Telugu (7 Volumes)
by Gita Press, Gorakhpur (2018)

7248pages

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Preview of verse 13.48.18 in Telugu sript:
ప్రతిలోమం తు వర్తన్తో బాహ్యాద్బాహ్యతరం పునః ।
హీనా హీనాత్ప్రసూయన్తే వర్ణాః పఞ్చదశైవ తే ॥ ౧౮ ॥

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