Chapter 48

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
arthāśrayādvā kāmādvā varṇānāṃ vāpyaniścayāt |
ajñānādvāpi varṇānāṃ jāyate varṇasaṃkaraḥ || 1 ||
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teṣāmetena vidhinā jātānāṃ varṇasaṃkare |
ko dharmaḥ kāni karmāṇi tanme brūhi pitāmaha || 2 ||
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bhīṣma uvāca |
cāturvarṇyasya karmāṇi cāturvarṇyaṃ ca kevalam |
asṛjatsa ha yajñārthe pūrvameva prajāpatiḥ || 3 ||
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bhāryāścatasro viprasya dvayorātmāsya jāyate |
ānupūrvyāddvayorhīnau mātṛjātyau prasūyataḥ || 4 ||
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paraṃ śavādbrāhmaṇasyaiṣa putraḥ śūdrāputraṃ pāraśavaṃ tamāhuḥ |
śuśrūṣakaḥ svasya kulasya sa syātsvaṃ cāritraṃ nityamatho na jahyāt || 5 ||
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sarvānupāyānapi saṃpradhārya samuddharetsvasya kulasya tantum |
jyeṣṭho yavīyānapi yo dvijasya śuśrūṣavāndānaparāyaṇaḥ syāt || 6 ||
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tisraḥ kṣatriyasaṃbandhāddvayorātmāsya jāyate |
hīnavarṇastṛtīyāyāṃ śūdra ugra iti smṛtaḥ || 7 ||
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dve cāpi bhārye vaiśyasya dvayorātmāsya jāyate |
śūdrā śūdrasya cāpyekā śūdrameva prajāyate || 8 ||
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ato viśiṣṭastvadhamo gurudārapradharṣakaḥ |
bāhyaṃ varṇaṃ janayati cāturvarṇyavigarhitam || 9 ||
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ayājyaṃ kṣatriyo vrātyaṃ sūtaṃ stomakriyāparam |
vaiśyo vaidehakaṃ cāpi maudgalyamapavarjitam || 10 ||
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śūdraścaṇḍālamatyugraṃ vadhyaghnaṃ bāhyavāsinam |
brāhmaṇyāṃ saṃprajāyanta ityete kulapāṃsanāḥ |
ete matimatāṃ śreṣṭha varṇasaṃkarajāḥ prabho || 11 ||
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bandī tu jāyate vaiśyānmāgadho vākyajīvanaḥ |
śūdrānniṣādo matsyaghnaḥ kṣatriyāyāṃ vyatikramāt || 12 ||
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śūdrādāyogavaścāpi vaiśyāyāṃ grāmadharmiṇaḥ |
brāhmaṇairapratigrāhyastakṣā sa vanajīvanaḥ || 13 ||
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ete'pi sadṛśaṃ varṇaṃ janayanti svayoniṣu |
mātṛjātyāṃ prasūyante pravarā hīnayoniṣu || 14 ||
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yathā caturṣu varṇeṣu dvayorātmāsya jāyate |
ānantaryāttu jāyante tathā bāhyāḥ pradhānataḥ || 15 ||
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te cāpi sadṛśaṃ varṇaṃ janayanti svayoniṣu |
parasparasya vartanto janayanti vigarhitān || 16 ||
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yathā ca śūdro brāhmaṇyāṃ jantuṃ bāhyaṃ prasūyate |
evaṃ bāhyatarādbāhyaścāturvarṇyātprasūyate || 17 ||
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pratilomaṃ tu vartanto bāhyādbāhyataraṃ punaḥ |
hīnā hīnātprasūyante varṇāḥ pañcadaśaiva te || 18 ||
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agamyāgamanāccaiva vartate varṇasaṃkaraḥ |
vrātyānāmatra jāyante sairandhrā māgadheṣu ca |
prasādhanopacārajñamadāsaṃ dāsajīvanam || 19 ||
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ataścāyogavaṃ sūte vāgurāvanajīvanam |
maireyakaṃ ca vaidehaḥ saṃprasūte'tha mādhukam || 20 ||
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niṣādo mudgaraṃ sūte dāśaṃ nāvopajīvinam |
mṛtapaṃ cāpi caṇḍālaḥ śvapākamatikutsitam || 21 ||
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caturo māgadhī sūte krūrānmāyopajīvinaḥ |
māṃsasvādukaraṃ sūdaṃ saugandhamiti saṃjñitam || 22 ||
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vaidehakācca pāpiṣṭhaṃ krūraṃ bhāryopajīvinam |
niṣādānmadranābhaṃ ca kharayānaprayāyinam || 23 ||
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caṇḍālātpulkasaṃ cāpi kharāśvagajabhojinam |
mṛtacelapraticchannaṃ bhinnabhājanabhojinam || 24 ||
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āyogavīṣu jāyante hīnavarṇāsu te trayaḥ |
kṣudro vaidehakādandhro bahirgrāmapratiśrayaḥ || 25 ||
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kārāvaro niṣādyāṃ tu carmakārātprajāyate |
caṇḍālātpāṇḍusaupākastvaksāravyavahāravān || 26 ||
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āhiṇḍiko niṣādena vaidehyāṃ saṃprajāyate |
caṇḍālena tu saupāko maudgalyasamavṛttimān || 27 ||
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niṣādī cāpi caṇḍālātputramantāvasāyinam |
śmaśānagocaraṃ sūte bāhyairapi bahiṣkṛtam || 28 ||
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ityetāḥ saṃkare jātyaḥ pitṛmātṛvyatikramāt |
pracchannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ || 29 ||
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caturṇāmeva varṇānāṃ dharmo nānyasya vidyate |
varṇānāṃ dharmahīneṣu saṃjñā nāstīha kasyacit || 30 ||
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yadṛcchayopasaṃpannairyajñasādhubahiṣkṛtaiḥ |
bāhyā bāhyaistu jāyante yathāvṛtti yathāśrayam || 31 ||
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catuṣpathaśmaśānāni śailāṃścānyānvanaspatīn |
yuñjante cāpyalaṃkārāṃstathopakaraṇāni ca || 32 ||
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gobrāhmaṇārthe sāhāyyaṃ kurvāṇā vai na saṃśayaḥ |
ānṛśaṃsyamanukrośaḥ satyavākyamatha kṣamā || 33 ||
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svaśarīraiḥ paritrāṇaṃ bāhyānāṃ siddhikārakam |
manujavyāghra bhavati tatra me nāsti saṃśayaḥ || 34 ||
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yathopadeśaṃ parikīrtitāsu naraḥ prajāyeta vicārya buddhimān |
vihīnayonirhi suto'vasādayettitīrṣamāṇaṃ salile yathopalam || 35 ||
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avidvāṃsamalaṃ loke vidvāṃsamapi vā punaḥ |
nayante hyutpathaṃ nāryaḥ kāmakrodhavaśānugam || 36 ||
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svabhāvaścaiva nārīṇāṃ narāṇāmiha dūṣaṇam |
ityarthaṃ na prasajjante pramadāsu vipaścitaḥ || 37 ||
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yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
varṇāpetamavijñātaṃ naraṃ kaluṣayonijam |
āryarūpamivānāryaṃ kathaṃ vidyāmahe nṛpa || 38 ||
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bhīṣma uvāca |
yonisaṃkaluṣe jātaṃ nānācārasamāhitam |
karmabhiḥ sajjanācīrṇairvijñeyā yoniśuddhatā || 39 ||
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anāryatvamanācāraḥ krūratvaṃ niṣkriyātmatā |
puruṣaṃ vyañjayantīha loke kaluṣayonijam || 40 ||
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pitryaṃ vā bhajate śīlaṃ mātṛjaṃ vā tathobhayam |
na kathaṃcana saṃkīrṇaḥ prakṛtiṃ svāṃ niyacchati || 41 ||
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yathaiva sadṛśo rūpe mātāpitrorhi jāyate |
vyāghraścitraistathā yoniṃ puruṣaḥ svāṃ niyacchati || 42 ||
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kulasrotasi saṃchanne yasya syādyonisaṃkaraḥ |
saṃśrayatyeva tacchīlaṃ naro'lpamapi vā bahu || 43 ||
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āryarūpasamācāraṃ carantaṃ kṛtake pathi |
svavarṇamanyavarṇaṃ vā svaśīlaṃ śāsti niścaye || 44 ||
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nānāvṛtteṣu bhūteṣu nānākarmarateṣu ca |
janmavṛttasamaṃ loke suśliṣṭaṃ na virajyate || 45 ||
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śarīramiha sattvena narasya parikṛṣyate |
jyeṣṭhamadhyāvaraṃ sattvaṃ tulyasattvaṃ pramodate || 46 ||
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jyāyāṃsamapi śīlena vihīnaṃ naiva pūjayet |
api śūdraṃ tu sadvṛttaṃ dharmajñamabhipūjayet || 47 ||
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ātmānamākhyāti hi karmabhirnaraḥ svaśīlacāritrakṛtaiḥ śubhāśubhaiḥ |
pranaṣṭamapyātmakulaṃ tathā naraḥ punaḥ prakāśaṃ kurute svakarmabhiḥ || 48 ||
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yoniṣvetāsu sarvāsu saṃkīrṇāsvitarāsu ca |
yatrātmānaṃ na janayedbudhastāḥ parivarjayet || 49 ||
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