Chapter 47

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
sarvaśāstravidhānajña rājadharmārthavittama |
atīva saṃśayacchettā bhavānvai prathitaḥ kṣitau || 1 ||
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kaścittu saṃśayo me'sti tanme brūhi pitāmaha |
asyāmāpadi kaṣṭāyāmanyaṃ pṛcchāma kaṃ vayam || 2 ||
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yathā nareṇa kartavyaṃ yaśca dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ |
etatsarvaṃ mahābāho bhavānvyākhyātumarhati || 3 ||
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catasro vihitā bhāryā brāhmaṇasya pitāmaha |
brāhmaṇī kṣatriyā vaiśyā śūdrā ca ratimicchataḥ || 4 ||
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tatra jāteṣu putreṣu sarvāsāṃ kurusattama |
ānupūrvyeṇa kasteṣāṃ pitryaṃ dāyādyamarhati || 5 ||
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kena vā kiṃ tato hāryaṃ pitṛvittātpitāmaha |
etadicchāmi kathitaṃ vibhāgasteṣu yaḥ smṛtaḥ || 6 ||
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bhīṣma uvāca |
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyastrayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ |
eteṣu vihito dharmo brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira || 7 ||
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vaiṣamyādatha vā lobhātkāmādvāpi paraṃtapa |
brāhmaṇasya bhavecchūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā || 8 ||
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śūdrāṃ śayanamāropya brāhmaṇaḥ pīḍito bhavet |
prāyaścittīyate cāpi vidhidṛṣṭena hetunā || 9 ||
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tatra jāteṣvapatyeṣu dviguṇaṃ syādyudhiṣṭhira |
ataste niyamaṃ vitte saṃpravakṣyāmi bhārata || 10 ||
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lakṣaṇyo govṛṣo yānaṃ yatpradhānatamaṃ bhavet |
brāhmaṇyāstaddharetputra ekāṃśaṃ vai piturdhanāt || 11 ||
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śeṣaṃ tu daśadhā kāryaṃ brāhmaṇasvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira |
tatra tenaiva hartavyāścatvāroṃ'śāḥ piturdhanāt || 12 ||
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kṣatriyāyāstu yaḥ putro brāhmaṇaḥ so'pyasaṃśayaḥ |
sa tu mātṛviśeṣeṇa trīnaṃśānhartumarhati || 13 ||
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varṇe tṛtīye jātastu vaiśyāyāṃ brāhmaṇādapi |
dviraṃśastena hartavyo brāhmaṇasvādyudhiṣṭhira || 14 ||
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śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇājjāto nityādeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ |
alpaṃ vāpi pradātavyaṃ śūdrāputrāya bhārata || 15 ||
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daśadhā pravibhaktasya dhanasyaiṣa bhavetkramaḥ |
savarṇāsu tu jātānāṃ samānbhāgānprakalpayet || 16 ||
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abrāhmaṇaṃ tu manyante śūdrāputramanaipuṇāt |
triṣu varṇeṣu jāto hi brāhmaṇādbrāhmaṇo bhavet || 17 ||
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smṛtā varṇāśca catvāraḥ pañcamo nādhigamyate |
harettu daśamaṃ bhāgaṃ śūdrāputraḥ piturdhanāt || 18 ||
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tattu dattaṃ haretpitrā nādattaṃ hartumarhati |
avaśyaṃ hi dhanaṃ deyaṃ śūdrāputrāya bhārata || 19 ||
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ānṛśaṃsyaṃ paro dharma iti tasmai pradīyate |
yatra tatra samutpanno guṇāyaivopakalpate || 20 ||
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yadi vāpyekaputraḥ syādaputro yadi vā bhavet |
nādhikaṃ daśamāddadyācchūdrāputrāya bhārata || 21 ||
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traivārṣikādyadā bhaktādadhikaṃ syāddvijasya tu |
yajeta tena dravyeṇa na vṛthā sādhayeddhanam || 22 ||
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trisāhasraparo dāyaḥ striyo deyo dhanasya vai |
tacca bhartrā dhanaṃ dattaṃ nādattaṃ bhoktumarhati || 23 ||
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strīṇāṃ tu patidāyādyamupabhogaphalaṃ smṛtam |
nāpahāraṃ striyaḥ kuryuḥ pativittātkathaṃcana || 24 ||
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striyāstu yadbhavedvittaṃ pitrā dattaṃ yudhiṣṭhira |
brāhmaṇyāstaddharetkanyā yathā putrastathā hi sā |
sā hi putrasamā rājanvihitā kurunandana || 25 ||
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evametatsamuddiṣṭaṃ dharmeṣu bharatarṣabha |
etaddharmamanusmṛtya na vṛthā sādhayeddhanam || 26 ||
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yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇājjāto yadyadeyadhanaḥ smṛtaḥ |
kena prativiśeṣeṇa daśamo'pyasya dīyate || 27 ||
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brāhmaṇyāṃ brāhmaṇājjāto brāhmaṇaḥ syānna saṃśayaḥ |
kṣatriyāyāṃ tathaiva syādvaiśyāyāmapi caiva hi || 28 ||
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kasmātte viṣamaṃ bhāgaṃ bhajerannṛpasattama |
yadā sarve trayo varṇāstvayoktā brāhmaṇā iti || 29 ||
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bhīṣma uvāca |
dārā ityucyate loke nāmnaikena paraṃtapa |
proktena caikanāmnāyaṃ viśeṣaḥ sumahānbhavet || 30 ||
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tisraḥ kṛtvā puro bhāryāḥ paścādvindeta brāhmaṇīm |
sā jyeṣṭhā sā ca pūjyā syātsā ca tābhyo garīyasī || 31 ||
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snānaṃ prasādhanaṃ bharturdantadhāvanamañjanam |
havyaṃ kavyaṃ ca yaccānyaddharmayuktaṃ bhavedgṛhe || 32 ||
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na tasyāṃ jātu tiṣṭhantyāmanyā tatkartumarhati |
brāhmaṇī tveva tatkuryādbrāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira || 33 ||
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annaṃ pānaṃ ca mālyaṃ ca vāsāṃsyābharaṇāni ca |
brāhmaṇyai tāni deyāni bhartuḥ sā hi garīyasī || 34 ||
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manunābhihitaṃ śāstraṃ yaccāpi kurunandana |
tatrāpyeṣa mahārāja dṛṣṭo dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ || 35 ||
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atha cedanyathā kuryādyadi kāmādyudhiṣṭhira |
yathā brāhmaṇacaṇḍālaḥ pūrvadṛṣṭastathaiva saḥ || 36 ||
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brāhmaṇyāḥ sadṛśaḥ putraḥ kṣatriyāyāśca yo bhavet |
rājanviśeṣo nāstyatra varṇayorubhayorapi || 37 ||
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na tu jātyā samā loke brāhmaṇyāḥ kṣatriyā bhavet |
brāhmaṇyāḥ prathamaḥ putro bhūyānsyādrājasattama |
bhūyo'pi bhūyasā hāryaṃ pitṛvittādyudhiṣṭhira || 38 ||
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yathā na sadṛśī jātu brāhmaṇyāḥ kṣatriyā bhavet |
kṣatriyāyāstathā vaiśyā na jātu sadṛśī bhavet || 39 ||
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śrīśca rājyaṃ ca kośaśca kṣatriyāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira |
vihitaṃ dṛśyate rājansāgarāntā ca medinī || 40 ||
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kṣatriyo hi svadharmeṇa śriyaṃ prāpnoti bhūyasīm |
rājā daṇḍadharo rājanrakṣā nānyatra kṣatriyāt || 41 ||
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brāhmaṇā hi mahābhāgā devānāmapi devatāḥ |
teṣu rājā pravarteta pūjayā vidhipūrvakam || 42 ||
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praṇītamṛṣibhirjñātvā dharmaṃ śāśvatamavyayam |
lupyamānāḥ svadharmeṇa kṣatriyo rakṣati prajāḥ || 43 ||
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dasyubhirhriyamāṇaṃ ca dhanaṃ dārāśca sarvaśaḥ |
sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṃ trātā bhavati pārthivaḥ || 44 ||
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bhūyānsyātkṣatriyāputro vaiśyāputrānna saṃśayaḥ |
bhūyastenāpi hartavyaṃ pitṛvittādyudhiṣṭhira || 45 ||
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yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
uktaṃ te vidhivadrājanbrāhmaṇasve pitāmaha |
itareṣāṃ tu varṇānāṃ kathaṃ viniyamo bhavet || 46 ||
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bhīṣma uvāca |
kṣatriyasyāpi bhārye dve vihite kurunandana |
tṛtīyā ca bhavecchūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā || 47 ||
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eṣa eva kramo hi syātkṣatriyāṇāṃ yudhiṣṭhira |
aṣṭadhā tu bhavetkāryaṃ kṣatriyasvaṃ yudhiṣṭhira || 48 ||
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kṣatriyāyā haretputraścaturoṃ'śānpiturdhanāt |
yuddhāvahārikaṃ yacca pituḥ syātsa harecca tat || 49 ||
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vaiśyāputrastu bhāgāṃstrīnśūdrāputrastathāṣṭamam |
so'pi dattaṃ haretpitrā nādattaṃ hartumarhati || 50 ||
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ekaiva hi bhavedbhāryā vaiśyasya kurunandana |
dvitīyā vā bhavecchūdrā na tu dṛṣṭāntataḥ smṛtā || 51 ||
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vaiśyasya vartamānasya vaiśyāyāṃ bharatarṣabha |
śūdrāyāṃ caiva kaunteya tayorviniyamaḥ smṛtaḥ || 52 ||
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pañcadhā tu bhavetkāryaṃ vaiśyasvaṃ bharatarṣabha |
tayorapatye vakṣyāmi vibhāgaṃ ca janādhipa || 53 ||
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vaiśyāputreṇa hartavyāścatvāroṃ'śāḥ piturdhanāt |
pañcamastu bhavedbhāgaḥ śūdrāputrāya bhārata || 54 ||
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so'pi dattaṃ haretpitrā nādattaṃ hartumarhati |
tribhirvarṇaistathā jātaḥ śūdro deyadhano bhavet || 55 ||
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śūdrasya syātsavarṇaiva bhāryā nānyā kathaṃcana |
śūdrasya samabhāgaḥ syādyadi putraśataṃ bhavet || 56 ||
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jātānāṃ samavarṇāsu putrāṇāmaviśeṣataḥ |
sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṃ samabhāgo dhane smṛtaḥ || 57 ||
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jyeṣṭhasya bhāgo jyeṣṭhaḥ syādekāṃśo yaḥ pradhānataḥ |
eṣa dāyavidhiḥ pārtha pūrvamuktaḥ svayaṃbhuvā || 58 ||
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samavarṇāsu jātānāṃ viśeṣo'styaparo nṛpa |
vivāhavaiśeṣyakṛtaḥ pūrvaḥ pūrvo viśiṣyate || 59 ||
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harejjyeṣṭhaḥ pradhānāṃśamekaṃ tulyāsuteṣvapi |
madhyamo madhyamaṃ caiva kanīyāṃstu kanīyasam || 60 ||
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evaṃ jātiṣu sarvāsu savarṇāḥ śreṣṭhatāṃ gatāḥ |
maharṣirapi caitadvai mārīcaḥ kāśyapo'bravīt || 61 ||
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