Mahabharata [sanskrit]

699,462 words | ISBN-10: 812150094X | ISBN-13: 9788121500944

The Sanskrit edition of the Mahabharata, one of the largest epic poems ever written, consisting of 100,000 metrical verses. Consisting of 18 books, the Mahabharata details the history and legends concerning ancient India (Bharata), including a major battle campaign involving the Kauravas and the Pandavas, also known as the Kurukshetra War. This portion also contains the Bhagavad-Gita. Alternative titles: Mahābhārata (महाभारत).

Verse 12.60.2

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के धर्माः सर्ववर्णानां चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य के पृथक् ।
चतुर्णामाश्रमाणां च राजधर्माश्च के मताः ॥ २ ॥

ke dharmāḥ sarvavarṇānāṃ cāturvarṇyasya ke pṛthak |
caturṇāmāśramāṇāṃ ca rājadharmāśca ke matāḥ || 2 ||

Note! The following is not a translation of the above verse, but merely an arbitrary extract of the English text.

...inflicting upon them severe punishments and favours the righteous by bestowing rewards upon them, he is then said to assume the form of Yama. When he gratifies with profuse gifts of wealth those that have rendered...
English translation by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013) Read online Buy now!

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (12.60.2). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kah, Kim, Dharma, Sarvavarna, Caturvarnya, Prithak, Ama, Ashrama, Rajadharma, Mata,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Mahabharata Verse 12.60.2). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “ke dharmāḥ sarvavarṇānāṃ cāturvarṇyasya ke pṛthak ”
ke -
ka (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

ka (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]

kā (pronoun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]
dharmāḥ -
dharma (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

dharmā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
sarvavarṇānām -
sarvavarṇa (noun, masculine)

[genitive plural]

sarvavarṇa (noun, neuter)

[genitive plural]

sarvavarṇā (noun, feminine)

[genitive plural]
cāturvarṇyasya -
cāturvarṇya (noun, neuter)

[genitive single]
ke -
ka (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

ka (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]

kā (pronoun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]
pṛthak -
pṛthak (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]
Line 2: “caturṇāmāśramāṇāṃ ca rājadharmāśca ke matāḥ ”
catur -
catur (noun, masculine)

[compound]
ṇā -
ṇa (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]
amā -
ama (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ama (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]

amā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
aśramāṇām -
aśrama (noun, masculine)

[genitive plural]

aśrama (noun, neuter)

[genitive plural]

aśramā (noun, feminine)

[genitive plural]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
rājadharmāś -
rājadharma (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

rājadharmā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
ca -
ca (indeclinable conjunction)

[indeclinable conjunction]

ca (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

ca (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
ke -
ka (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

ka (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[nominative plural]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]

kā (pronoun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [accusative dual]
matāḥ -
mata (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

matā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]

√man -> mata (participle, masculine)

[nominative plural from √man class 4 verb], [vocative plural from √man class 4 verb], [nominative plural from √man class 8 verb], [vocative plural from √man class 8 verb]

√man -> matā (participle, feminine)

[nominative plural from √man class 4 verb], [vocative plural from √man class 4 verb], [accusative plural from √man class 4 verb], [nominative plural from √man class 8 verb], [vocative plural from √man class 8 verb], [accusative plural from √man class 8 verb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Mahabharata Verse 12.60.2

The complete Mahabharata (12 Volumes)
by Kisari Mohan Ganguly (2013)

4900 pages; [Publisher: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.] ISBN: ‎ 812150094X or 9788121500944;

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The Mahabharata in Kannada (Set of 32 Volumes)
by Bharatha Darshana Bangalore (2003)

ಶ್ರೇಮಹಭಾರತ [ಮಹಾಭಾರತ]; 13907 pages;

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Preview of verse 12.60.2 in Kannada sript:
ಕೇ ಧರ್ಮಾಃ ಸರ್ವವರ್ಣಾನಾಂ ಚಾತುರ್ವರ್ಣ್ಯಸ್ಯ ಕೇ ಪೃಥಕ್ ।
ಚತುರ್ಣಾಮಾಶ್ರಮಾಣಾಂ ಚ ರಾಜಧರ್ಮಾಶ್ಚ ಕೇ ಮತಾಃ ॥ ೨ ॥

The Complete Mahabharata (9 volumes)
by M. N. Dutt (2008)

6415 pages; Sanskrit Text with English Translation; [Edited By: Dr. Ishwar Chandra Sharma & Dr. O.N. Bimali] [Publisher: Parimal Publication Pvt. Ltd.]

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Mahabharata (Hindi Translation, Six Volumes)
by Sahityacharya Pandit Ramnarayandutt Shastri Pandey "Ram" (2017)

7350 pages; [महाभारत] [Publisher: Gita Press, Gorakhpur] 44 Color and Black/white illustrations.

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The Mahabharata in Bengali (Two Volumes)
by Akshay Library, Kolkata (2019)

3049 pages; [মহাভারত] [মহার্ষী বদভ্যাস (Maharishi Vedvyas)]

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Preview of verse 12.60.2 in Bengali sript:
কে ধর্মাঃ সর্ববর্ণানাং চাতুর্বর্ণ্যস্য কে পৃথক্ ।
চতুর্ণামাশ্রমাণাং চ রাজধর্মাশ্চ কে মতাঃ ॥ ২ ॥

Mahabharat in Gujarati (20 Volumes)
by Dinkar Joshi (દિનકર જોશી) (2010)

14252 pages; [મહાભારત] [Publisher: Pravin Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, Rajkot]

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Preview of verse 12.60.2 in Gujarati sript:
કે ધર્માઃ સર્વવર્ણાનાં ચાતુર્વર્ણ્યસ્ય કે પૃથક્ ।
ચતુર્ણામાશ્રમાણાં ચ રાજધર્માશ્ચ કે મતાઃ ॥ ૨ ॥

Shri Mahabharatam in Malayalam (2 volumes)
by Swami Mridananda (2018)

1681 pages; [Publisher: Ramakrishna Math, Thrissur]

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Preview of verse 12.60.2 in Malayalam sript:
കേ ധര്മാഃ സര്വവര്ണാനാം ചാതുര്വര്ണ്യസ്യ കേ പൃഥക് ।
ചതുര്ണാമാശ്രമാണാം ച രാജധര്മാശ്ച കേ മതാഃ ॥ ൨ ॥

Mahabharata in Telugu (7 Volumes)
by Gita Press, Gorakhpur (2018)

7248pages

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Preview of verse 12.60.2 in Telugu sript:
కే ధర్మాః సర్వవర్ణానాం చాతుర్వర్ణ్యస్య కే పృథక్ ।
చతుర్ణామాశ్రమాణాం చ రాజధర్మాశ్చ కే మతాః ॥ ౨ ॥

Last Updated: 17 September, 2021