Mantra 1

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration, Word-for-word and English translation of Īśa-upaniṣad mantra 1:

ओं ईशावास्यमिदं सर्वं यत् किञ्च जगत्यां जगत् ।
तेन त्यक्तेन भुञ्जीथा मा गृधः कस्य स्विद्धनम् ॥ १ ॥

oṃ īśāvāsyamidaṃ sarvaṃ yat kiñca jagatyāṃ jagat |
tena tyaktena bhuñjīthā mā gṛdhaḥ kasya sviddhanam || 1 ||

īśā—(īśasya āvāsyaṃ=īśāvāsyaṃ) by the Lord, of the Lord; vāsyam—(āvāsamarhatītyāvāsyaṃ) worthy of being dwelt in, entered; idam—this; sarvam—all; yat-kiñca—whatsoever; jagatyām—(prakṛtyāṃ) in the Prakṛti; jagat—moves, becomes modified or undergoes change; tena—(īśvareṇa) by that, (Lord); tyaktena—(attena vittena) renounced, allotted, given, ie, whatever conies providentially; bhuñjithāḥ—(bhogaṃ kuryāḥ) enjoy thou; mā—do not; gṛdhaḥ—(ākāṃkṣethāḥ) beg, covet; kasya—(rājādeḥ) from any; svit—(api) even, verily; dhanam—wealth.

1. All this whatsoever that moves in Prakṛti (does so because it) is indwelt by the Lord. Enjoy thou what He hath allotted to thee, and do not beg from any, (though he be a king), for wealth.

Commentary: The Bhāṣya of Madhva (Madhvācārya):

(English translation of Madhva’s 13th-century commentary called the Īśāvāsyopaniṣadbhāṣya or Īśopaniṣadbhāṣya)

The words ‘īśā vāsyam’ mean “worthy or capable of being dwelt in by the Lord.” ‘Jagatyam’ ‘in the prakriti.’ ‘Tena’ means ‘by Him the Lord.’ ‘Tyaktena’—given. Enjoy thou what is given by him.

Note.—All motion that we see in nature is caused by the Lord, by His entering into and taking up his residence in each atom of Prakṛti. The Prakṛti is under the Lord; and all this motion that we see in matter is of the Lord, because He has permeated it. He, therefore, is the only Free Agent. Be ye content with what the Lord has given you. Since none but the Lord is truly Free, so no being, howsoever high, can give any thing to any one. Therefore, do not go soliciting for wealth to the rich—ask the Lord alone.

Thus says the Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa:—“Because Prakṛti is incapable of motion of herself, therefore, the Śruti says ‘the world is indwelt by the Lord Who causes all its motion? Since Yiṣṇu has entered into Prakṛti, in order to cause her evolution (pravṛtti), therefore He is called the Lord of Prakṛti. Since the evolution is under His control, everything is said to belong to Him. Enjoy thou that only which He has given; and do not beg from others.”

Note.—This quotation from the Brahmaṇḍa Purāṇa is Madhva’s authority for the interpretation that he has given.