Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
kāvya-śāstra-vinodena kālo gacchati dhīmatām |
vyasanena tu mūrkhāṇāṃ nidrayā kalahena vā || 1 ||
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asādhanā vitta-hīnā buddhimantaḥ suhṛn-matāḥ |
sādhayanty āśu kāryāṇi kāka-kūrma-mṛgākhuvat || 2 ||
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śoka-sthāna-sahasrāṇi bhaya-sthāna-śatāni ca |
divase divase mūḍham āviśanti na paṇḍitam || 3 ||
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anyac ca-viṣayiṇām idam avaśyaṃ kartavyam |
utthāyotthāya boddhavyaṃ kim adya sukṛtaṃ kṛtam |
āyuṣaḥ khaṇḍam ādāya ravir astaṃ gamiṣyati || 4 ||
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kaṅkaṇasya tu lobhena magnaḥ paṅke sudustare |
vṛddha-vyāghreṇa samprāptaḥ pathikaḥ sammṛtaḥ || 5 ||
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aniṣṭād iṣṭa-lābhe'pi na gatir jāyate śubhā |
yatrāste viṣa-saṃsargo 'mṛtaṃ tad api mṛtyave || 6 ||
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na saṃśayam anāruhya naro bhadrāṇi paśyati |
saṃśayaṃ punar āruhya yadi jīvati paśyati || 7 ||
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ijyā'dhyayana-dānāni tapaḥ satyaṃ dhṛtiḥ kṣamā |
alobha iti mārgo 'yaṃ dharmasyāṣṭa-vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ || 8 ||
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tatra pūrvaś caturvargo dambhārtham api sevyate |
uttaras tu caturvargo mahātmany eva tiṣṭhati || 9 ||
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gatānugatiko lokaḥ kuṭṭanīm upadeśinīm |
pramāṇayati no dharme yathā goghnam api dvijam || 10 ||
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maru-sthalyāṃ yathā vṛṣṭiḥ kṣudhārte bhojanaṃ tathā |
daridre dīyate dānaṃ saphalaṃ pāṇḍu-nandana || 11 ||
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prāṇā yathātmano 'bhīṣṭā bhūtānām api te tathā |
ātmaupamyena bhūtānāṃ dayāṃ kurvanti sādhavaḥ || 12 ||
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pratyākhyāne ca dāne ca sukha-duḥkhe priyāpriye |
ātmaupamyena puruṣaḥ pramāṇam adhigacchati || 13 ||
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mātṛvat para-dāreṣu para-dravyeṣu loṣṭravat |
ātmavat sarva-bhūteṣu yaḥ paśyati sa paṇḍitaḥ || 14 ||
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daridrān bhara kaunteya mā prayaccheśvare dhanam |
vyādhitasyauṣadhaṃ pathyaṃ nīrujasya kim auṣadhaiḥ || 15 ||
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dātavyam iti yad dānaṃ dīyate'nupakāriṇi |
deśe kāle ca pātre ca tad dānaṃ sāttvikaṃ viduḥ || 16 ||
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na dharma-śāstraṃ paṭhatīti kāraṇaṃ na cāpi vedādhyayanaṃ durātmanaḥ |
svabhāva evātra tathātiricyate yathā prakṛtyā madhuraṃ gavāṃ payaḥ || 17 ||
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avaśendriya-cittānāṃ hasti-snānam iva kriyā |
durbhagābharaṇa-prāyo jñānaṃ bhāraḥ kriyāṃ vinā || 18 ||
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nadīnāṃ śastra-pāṇīnāṃ nakhināṃ śṛṅgiṇāṃ tathā |
viśvāso naiva kartavyaḥ strīṣu rāja-kuleṣu ca || 19 ||
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sarvasya hi parīkṣyante svabhāvā netare guṇāḥ |
atītya hi guṇān sarvān svabhāvo mūrdhni vartate || 20 ||
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sa hi gagana-vihārī kalmaṣa-dhvaṃsa-kārī daśa-śata-kara-dhārī jyotiṣāṃ madhya-cārī |
vidhur api vidhi-yogād grasyate rāhuṇāsau likhitam api lalāṭe projjhitaṃ kaḥ samarthaḥ || 21 ||
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sujīrṇam annaṃ suvicakṣaṇaḥ sutaḥ suśāsitā strī nṛpatiḥ susevitaḥ |
sucintya coktaṃ suvicārya yat kṛtaṃ sudīrgha-kāle'pi na yāti vikriyām || 22 ||
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vṛddhasya vacanaṃ grāhyam āpat-kāle hy upasthite |
sarvatraivaṃ vicāre ca bhojane'pi pravartatām || 23 ||
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śaṅkābhiḥ sarvam ākrāntam annaṃ pānaṃ ca bhūtale |
pravṛttiḥ kutra kartavyā jīvitavyaṃ kathaṃ na vā || 24 ||
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īrṣyī ghṛṇī tv asantuṣṭaḥ krodhano nitya-śaṅkitaḥ |
para-bhāgyopajīvī ca ṣaḍ ete nitya-duḥkhitāḥ || 25 ||
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sumahānty api śāstrāṇi dhārayanto bahu-śrutāḥ |
chettāḥ saṃayānāṃ ca kliśyante lobha-mohitāḥ || 26 ||
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lobhāt krodhaḥ prabhavati lobhāt kāmaḥ prajāyate |
lobhān mohaś ca nāśaś ca lobhaḥ pāpasya kāraṇam || 27 ||
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asaṃbhavaṃ hema-mṛgasya janma tathāpi rāmo lulubhe mṛgāya |
prāyaḥ samāpanna-vipatti-kāle dhiyo 'pi puṃsāṃ malinā bhavanti || 28 ||
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na gaṇasyāgrato gacchet siddhe kārye samaṃ phalam |
yadi kārya-vipattiḥ syān mukharas tatra hanyate || 29 ||
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āpadām āpatantīnāṃ hito 'py āyāti hetutām |
mātṛ-jaṅghā hi vatsasya stambhī-bhavati bandhane || 30 ||
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sa bandhur yo vipannānām āpad-uddharaṇa-kṣamaḥ |
na tu bhīta-paritrāṇa-vastūpālambha-paṇḍitaḥ || 31 ||
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vipadi dhairyam athābhyudaye kṣamā sadasi vākya-paṭutā yudhi vikramaḥ |
yaśasi cābhirucir vyasanaṃ śrutau prakṛti-siddham idaṃ hi mahātmanām || 32 ||
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sampadi yasya na harṣo vipadi viṣādo raṇe ca bhīrutvam |
taṃ bhuvana-traya-tilakaṃ janayati jananī sutaṃ viralam || 33 ||
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ṣaḍ-doṣāḥ puruṣeṇeha hātavyā bhūtim icchatā |
nidrā tandrā bhayaṃ krodha ālasyaṃ dīrgha-sūtratā || 34 ||
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alpānām api vastūnāṃ saṃhatiḥ kārya-sādhikā |
tṛṇair guṇatvam āpannair badhyante matta-dantinaḥ || 35 ||
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saṃhatiḥ śreyasī puṃsāṃ svakulair alpakair api |
tuṣeṇāpi parityaktā na prarohanti taṇḍulāḥ || 36 ||
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saṃhatās tu haranty ete mama jālaṃ vihaṅgamāḥ |
yadā tu nipatiṣyanti vaśam eṣyanti me tadā || 37 ||
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mātā mitraṃ pitā ceti svabhāvāt tritayaṃ hitam |
kārya-kāraṇataś cānye bhavanti hita-buddhayaḥ || 38 ||
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yasya mitreṇa sambhāṣo yasya mitreṇa saṃsthitiḥ |
yasya mitreṇa saṃlāpas tato nāstīha puṇyavān || 39 ||
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yasmāc ca yena ca yathā ca yadā ca yac ca yāvac ca yatra ca śubhāśubham ātma-karma |
tasmāc ca tena ca tathā ca tadā ca tac ca tāvac ca tatra ca vidhātṛ-vaśād upaiti || 40 ||
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rāga-śoka-parītāpa-bandhana-vyasanāni ca |
ātmāparādha-vṛkṣāṇāṃ phalāny etāni dehinām || 41 ||
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āpad-arthe dhanaṃ rakṣed dārān rakṣed dhanair api |
ātmānaṃ satataṃ rakṣed dārair api dhanair api || 42 ||
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dharmārtha-kāma-mokṣāṇāṃ prāṇāḥ saṃsthita-hetavaḥ |
tān nighnatā kiṃ na hataṃ rakṣatā kiṃ na rakṣitam || 43 ||
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dhanāni jīvitaṃ caiva parārthe prājña utsṛjet |
sannimitte varaṃ tyāgo vināśe niyate sati || 44 ||
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jāti-dravya-balānāṃ ca sāmyam eṣāṃ mayā saha |
mat-prabhutva-phalaṃ brūhi kadā kiṃ tad bhaviṣyati || 45 ||
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vinā vartanam evaite na tyajanti mamāntikam |
tan me prāṇa-vyayenāpi jīvayaitān mamāśritān || 46 ||
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māṃsa-mūtra-purīṣāsthi-pūrite'tra kalevare |
vinaśvare vihāyāsthāṃ yaśaḥ pālaya mitra me || 47 ||
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yadi nityam anityena nirmalaṃ mala-vāhinā |
yaśaḥ kāyena labhyeta tan na labdhaṃ bhaven nu kim || 48 ||
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śarīrasya guṇānāṃ ca dūram atyantam antaram |
śarīraṃ kṣaṇa-vidhvaṃsi kalpānta-sthāyino guṇāḥ || 49 ||
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yo 'dhikād yojana-śatān paśyatīhāmiṣaṃ khagaḥ |
sa eva prāpta-kālas tu pāśa-bandhaṃ na paśyati || 50 ||
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śaśi-divākarayor graha-pīḍanaṃ gaja-bhujaṅgamayor api bandhanam |
matimatāṃ ca vilokya daridratāṃ vidhir aho balavān iti me matiḥ || 51 ||
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vyomaikānta-vihāriṇo 'pi vihagāḥ samprāpnuvanty āpadaṃ badhyante nipuṇair agādha-salilān matsyāḥ samudrād api |
durnītaṃ kim ihāsti kiṃ sucaritaṃ kaḥ sthāna-lābhe guṇaḥ kālo hi vyasana-prasārita-karo gṛhṇāti dūrād api || 52 ||
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yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi kartavyāni śatāni ca |
paśya mūṣika-mitreṇa kapotā mukta-bandhanāḥ || 53 ||
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yad yena yujyate loke budhas tat tena yojayet |
aham annaṃ bhavān bhoktā kathaṃ prītir bhaviṣyati || 54 ||
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bhakṣya-bhakṣayoḥ prītir vipatteḥ kāraṇaṃ matam |
śṛgālāt pāśabaddho 'sau mṛgaḥ kākena rakṣitaḥ || 55 ||
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ajñāta-kula-śīlasya vāso deyo na kasyacit |
mārjārasya hi doṣeṇa hato gṛdhro jarad-gavaḥ || 56 ||
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tāvad bhayasya bhetavyaṃ yāvad bhayam anāgatam |
āgataṃ tu bhayaṃ vīkṣya naraḥ kuryād yathocitam || 57 ||
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jāti-mātreṇa kiṃ kaścid vadhyate pūjyate kvacit |
vyavahāraṃ parijñāya vadhyaḥ pūjyo 'thavā bhavet || 58 ||
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arāv apy ucitaṃ kāryam ātithyaṃ gṛham āgate |
chettum apy āgate chāyāṃ nopasaṃharate drumaḥ || 59 ||
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tṛṇāni bhūmir udakaṃ vāk caturthī ca sūnṛtā |
etāny api satāṃ gehe nocchidyante kadācana || 60 ||
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bālo vā yadi vā vṛddho yuvā vā gṛham āgataḥ |
tasya pūjā vidhātavyā sarvasyābhyāgato guruḥ || 61 ||
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nirguṇeṣv api sattveṣu dayāṃ kurvanti sādhavaḥ |
na hi saṃharate jyotsnāṃ candraś cāṇḍāla-veśmanaḥ || 62 ||
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atithir yasya bhagnāśo gṛhāt pratinivartate |
sa dattvā duṣkṛtaṃ tasmai puṇyam ādāya gacchati || 63 ||
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uttamasyāpi varṇasya nīco 'pi gṛham āgataḥ |
pūjanīyo yathā-yogyaṃ sarva-deva-mayo 'tithiḥ || 64 ||
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sarva-hiṃsā-nivṛttā ye narāḥ sarva-sahāś ca ye |
sarvasyāśraya-bhūtāś ca te narāḥ svarga-gāminaḥ || 65 ||
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eka eva suhṛd dharmo nidhane'py anuyāti yaḥ |
śarīreṇa samaṃ nāśaṃ sarvam anyad hi gacchati || 66 ||
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yo 'tti yasya yadā māṃsam ubhayoḥ paśyatāntaram |
ekasya kṣaṇikā prītir anyaḥ prāṇair vimucyate || 67 ||
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martavyam iti yad duḥkhaṃ puruṣasyopajāyate |
śakyas tenānumānena paro 'pi parirakṣitum || 68 ||
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svacchanda-vana-jātena śākenāpi prapūryate |
asya dagdhodarasyārthe kaḥ kuryāt pātakaṃ mahat || 69 ||
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yatra vidvaj-jano nāsti ślāghyas tatrālpadhīr api |
nirasta-pādape deśe eraṇḍo 'pi drumāyate || 70 ||
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ayaṃ nijaḥ paro veti gaṇanā laghu-cetasām |
udāra-caritānāṃ tu vasudhaiva kuṭumbakam || 71 ||
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na kaścit kasyacin mitraṃ na kaścit kasyacid ripuḥ |
vyavahāreṇa mitrāṇi jāyante ripavas tathā || 72 ||
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āpatsu mitraṃ jānīyād raṇe śūraṃ ṛṇe śucim |
bhāryāṃ kṣīṇeṣu vitteṣu vyasaneṣu ca bāndhavān || 73 ||
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utsave vyasane prāpte durbhikṣe śatru-saṅkaṭe |
rāja-dvāre śmaśāne ca yas tiṣṭhati sa bāndhavaḥ || 74 ||
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suhṛdāṃ hita-kāmānāṃ yaḥ śṛṇoti na bhāṣitam |
vipat sannihitā tasya sa naraḥ śatrunandanaḥ || 75 ||
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aparādho na me'stīti naitad viśvāsa-kāraṇam |
vidyate hi nṛśaṃsebhyo bhayaṃ guṇavatām api || 76 ||
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dīpa-nirvāṇa-gandhaṃ ca suhṛd-vākyam arundhatīm |
na jighranti na śṛṇvanti na pśyanti gatāyuṣaḥ || 77 ||
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parokṣe kārya-hantāraṃ pratyakṣe priya-vādinam |
varjayet tādṛśaṃ mitraṃ viṣa-kumbhaṃ payomukham || 78 ||
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saṃlāpitānāṃ madhurair vacobhir mithyopacāraiś ca vaśīkṛtānām |
āśāvatāṃ śraddadhatāṃ ca loke kim arthināṃ vañcayitavyam asti || 79 ||
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upakāriṇi viśrabdhe śuddha-matau yaḥ samācarati pāpam |
taṃ janam asatya-sandhaṃ bhagavati vasudhe kathaṃ vahasi || 80 ||
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durjanena samaṃ sakhyaṃ vairaṃ cāpi na kārayet |
uṣṇo dahati cāṅgāraḥ śītaḥ kṛṣṇāyate karam || 81 ||
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prāk pādayoḥ patati khādati pṛṣṭha-māṃsaṃ karṇe phalaṃ kim api rauti śanair vicitram |
chidraṃ nirūpya sahasā praviśaty aśaṅkaḥ sarvaṃ khalasya caritaṃ maśakaḥ karoti || 82 ||
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durjanaḥ priya-vādī ca naitad viśvāsa-kāraṇam |
madhu tiṣṭhati jihvāgre hṛdi hālāhalaṃ viṣam || 83 ||
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tribhir varṣais tribhir māsais tribhiḥ pakṣais tribhir dinaiḥ |
atyutkaṭaiḥ pāpa-puṇyair ihaiva phalam aśnute || 84 ||
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bhakṣitenāpi bhavatā nāhāro mama puṣkalaḥ |
tvayi jīvati jīvāmi citragrīva ivānagha || 85 ||
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tiraścām api viśvāso dṛṣṭaḥ puṇyaika-karmaṇām |
satāṃ hi sādhu-śīlatvāt svabhāvo na nivartate || 86 ||
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sādhoḥ prakopitasyāpi mano nāyāti vikriyām |
na hi tāpayituṃ śakyaṃ sāgarāmbhas tṛṇolkayā || 87 ||
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mārjāro mahiṣo meṣaḥ kākaḥ kāpuruṣas tathā |
viśvāsāt prabhavanty ete viśvāsas tatra no hitaḥ || 88 ||
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śatruṇā na hi sandadhyāt saṃśliṣṭenāpi sandhinā |
sutaptam api pānīyaṃ śamayaty eva pāvakam || 89 ||
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durjanaḥ parihartavyo vidyayālaṅkṛto 'pi san |
maṇinā bhūṣitaḥ sarpaḥ kim asau na bhayaṅkaraḥ || 90 ||
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yad aśakyaṃ na tac chaktyaṃ yac chaktyaṃ śakyam eva tat |
nodake śakaṭaṃ yāti na ca naur gacchati sthale || 91 ||
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mahatāpy artha-sāreṇa yo viśvasiti śatruṣu |
bhāryāsu ca viraktāsu tad-antaṃ tasya jīvanam || 92 ||
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mṛd-ghaṭavat sukha-bhedyo duḥsandhānaś ca durjano bhavati |
sujanas tu kanaka-ghaṭavad durbhedyaś cāśu sandheyaḥ || 93 ||
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dravatvāt sarva-lohānāṃ nimittād mṛga-pakṣiṇām |
bhayāl lobhāc ca mūrkhāṇāṃ saṅgataḥ darśanāt satām || 94 ||
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nārikela-samākārā dṛśyante hi suhṛjjanāḥ |
anye badarikākārā bahir eva manoharāḥ || 95 ||
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sneha-cchede'pi sādhūnāṃ guṇā nāyānti vikriyām |
bhaṅge'pi hi mṛṇālānām anubadhnanti tantavaḥ || 96 ||
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śucitvam tyāgitā śauryaṃ sāmānyaṃ sukha-duḥkhayoḥ |
dākṣiṇyaṃ cānuraktiś ca satyatā ca suhṛd-guṇāḥ || 97 ||
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gharmārtaṃ na tathā suśītala-jalaiḥ snānaṃ na muktāvalī na śrīkhaṇḍa-vilepanam sukhayati pratyaṅgam apy arpitam |
prītyai sajjana-bhāṣitaṃ prabhavati prāyo yathā cetasaḥ sad-yuktyā ca pariṣkṛtaṃ sukṛtinām ākṛṣṭi-mantropamam || 98 ||
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rahasya-bhedo yācñā ca naiṣṭhuryaṃ cala-cittayā |
krodho niḥsatyatā dyūtam etan mitrasya dūṣaṇam || 99 ||
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paṭutvaṃ satyavāditvaṃ kathā-yogena buddhyate |
astabdhatvam acāpalyaṃ pratyakṣenāvagamyate || 100 ||
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anyathaiva hi sauhārdaṃ bhavet svacchāntarātmanaḥ |
pravartate'nyathā vāṇī śāṭhyopahata-cetasaḥ || 101 ||
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manasy anyad vacasy anyat karmaṇy anyad durātmanām |
manasy ekaṃ vacasy ekaṃ karmaṇy ekaṃ mahātmanām || 102 ||
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sthāna-bhraṣṭā na śobhante dantāḥ keśā nakhā narāḥ |
iti vijñāya matimān sva-sthānaṃ na parityajet || 103 ||
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sthānam utsṛjya gacchanti siṃhāḥ sat-puruṣā gajāḥ |
tatraiva nidhanaṃ yānti kākāḥ kāpuruṣā mṛgāḥ || 104 ||
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ko vīrasya manasvinaḥ sva-viṣayaḥ ko vā videśaḥ smṛtaḥ yaṃ deśaṃ śrayate tam eva kurute bāhu-pratāpārjitam |
yad daṃṣṭrānakha-lāṅgula-praharaṇaḥ siṃho vanaṃ gāhate tasminn eva hata-dvipendra-rudhirais tṛṣṇāṃ chinnatty ātmanaḥ || 105 ||
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calaty ekena pādena tiṣṭhaty ekena buddhimān |
nāsamīkṣya paraṃ sthānaṃ pūrvam āyatanaṃ tyajet || 106 ||
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paropadeśe pāṇḍityaṃ sarveṣāṃ sukaraṃ nṛṇām |
dharme svīyam anuṣṭhānaṃ kasyacit tu mahātmanaḥ || 107 ||
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yasmin deśe na sammāno na vṛttir na ca bāndhavaḥ |
na ca vidyāgamaḥ kaścit taṃ deśaṃ parivarjayet || 108 ||
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dhanikaḥ śrotriyo rājā nadī vaidyas tu pañcamaḥ |
pañca yatra na vidyante tatra vāsaṃ na kārayet || 109 ||
[Analyze grammar]
loka-yātrā bhayaṃ lajjā dākṣiṇyaṃ tyāga-śīlatā |
pañca yatra na vidyante na kuryāt tatra saṃsthitim || 110 ||
[Analyze grammar]
na vastavyaṃ yatra nāsti catuṣṭayam |
ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyaḥ sajalā nadī || 111 ||
[Analyze grammar]
bālo vā yadi vā vṛddho yuvā vā gṛham āgataḥ |
tasya pūjā vidhātavyā sarvatrābhyāgato guruḥ || 112 ||
[Analyze grammar]
gurur agnir dvijātīnāṃ varṇānāṃ brāhmaṇo guruḥ |
patir eko guruḥ strīṇāṃ sarvatrābhyāgato guruḥ || 113 ||
[Analyze grammar]
uttamasyāpi varṇasya nīco 'pi gṛham āgataḥ |
pūjanīyo yathā-yogyaṃ sarva-deva-mayo 'tithiḥ || 114 ||
[Analyze grammar]
mukhaṃ prasannaṃ vimalā ca dṛṣṭiḥ kathānurāgo madhurā ca vāṇī |
sneho 'dhikaḥ sambhrama-darśanaṃ ca sadānuraktasya janasya lakṣma || 115 ||
[Analyze grammar]
adṛṣṭi-dānaṃ kṛta-pūrva-nāśanam ānanaṃ duścaritānukīrtanam |
kathā-prasaṅgena ca nāma-vismṛtir virakta-bhāvasya janasya lakṣaṇam || 116 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dhanavān balavān loke sarvaḥ sarvatra sarvadā |
prabhutvaṃ dhana-mūlaṃ hi rājñām apy upajāyate || 117 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dhanena balavān loko dhanād bhavati paṇḍitaḥ |
paśyainaṃ mūṣikaṃ pāpaṃ svajāti-samatāṃ gatam || 118 ||
[Analyze grammar]
arthena tu vihīnasya puruṣasyālpa-medhasaḥ |
kriyā sarvā vinaśyanti grīṣme kusarito yathā || 119 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yasyārthās tasya mitrāṇi yasyārthās tasya bāndhavāḥ |
yasyārthāḥ sa pumān loke yasyārthāḥ sa hi paṇḍitaḥ || 120 ||
[Analyze grammar]
aputrasya gṛhaṃ śūnyaṃ san-mitra-rahitasya ca |
mūrkhasya ca diśaḥ śūnyāḥ sarva-śūnyā daridratā || 121 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dāridryān maraṇād vāpi dāridryam avaraṃ smṛtam |
alpa-kleśena maraṇaṃ dāridryam atiduḥsaham || 122 ||
[Analyze grammar]
tānīndriyāṇy avikalāni tad eva nāma sā buddhir apratihatā vacanaṃ tad eva |
arthoṣmaṇā virahitaḥ puruṣaḥ sa eva anyaḥ kṣaṇena bhavatīti vicitram etat || 123 ||
[Analyze grammar]
atyanta-vimukhe daive vyarthe yatne ca pauruṣe |
manasvino daridrasya vanād anyat kutaḥ sukham || 124 ||
[Analyze grammar]
manasvī miryate kāmaṃ kārpaṇyaṃ na tu gacchati |
api nirvāṇam āyāti nānalo yāti śītatām || 125 ||
[Analyze grammar]
kusuma-stavakasyeva dve vṛttī tu manasvinaḥ |
sarveṣāṃ mūrdhni vā tiṣṭhed viśīryeta vane'thavā || 126 ||
[Analyze grammar]
artha-nāśaṃ manas-tāpaṃ gṛhe duścaritāni ca |
vañcanaṃ cāpamānaṃ ca matimān na prakāśayet || 127 ||
[Analyze grammar]
varaṃ vibhava-hīnena prāṇaiḥ santarpito 'nalaḥ |
nopacāra-paribhraṣṭaḥ kṛpaṇaḥ prārthyate janaḥ || 128 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dāridryād dhriyam eti hrī-parigataḥ sattvāt paribhraśyate niḥsattvaṃ paribhūyate paribhavān nirvedam āpadyate |
nirviṇṇaḥ śucam eti śoka-phihito buddhyā parityajyate nirbuddhiḥ kṣayam ety aho nidhanatā sarvāpadām āspadam || 129 ||
[Analyze grammar]
varaṃ maunaṃ kāryaṃ na ca vacanam uktaṃ yad anṛtaṃ varaṃ klaibyaṃ puṃsāṃ na ca para-kalatrābhigamanam |
varaṃ prāṇa-tyāgo na ca piśuna-vākyeṣv abhirucir varaṃ bhikṣāśitvaṃ na ca para-dhanāsvādana-sukham || 130 ||
[Analyze grammar]
varaṃ śūnyā śālā na ca khalu varo duṣṭa-vṛṣabho varaṃ veśyā patnī na punar avinītā kula-vadhūḥ |
varaṃ vāso 'raṇye na punar avivekādhipa-pure varaṃ prāṇa-tyāgo na punar adhamānām upagamaḥ || 131 ||
[Analyze grammar]
seveva mānam akhilaṃ jyotsneva tamo jareva lāvaṇyam |
hari-hara-katheva duritaṃ guṇa-śatam apy arthitā harati || 132 ||
[Analyze grammar]
rogī cira-pravāsī parānna-bhojī parāvasatha-śāyī |
yaj jīvati tan maraṇaṃ yan maraṇaṃ so 'sya viśrāmaḥ || 133 ||
[Analyze grammar]
lobhena buddhiś calati lobho janayate tṛṣām |
tṛṣārto duḥkham āpnoti paratreha ca mānavaḥ || 134 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dhana-lubdho hy asantuṣṭo 'niyatātmājitendriyaḥ |
sarvā evāpadas tasya yasya tuṣṭaṃ na mānasam || 135 ||
[Analyze grammar]
sarvāḥ sampattasyas tasya santuṣṭaṃ yasya mānasam |
upānad-gūḍha-pādasya nanu carmāvṛteva bhūḥ || 136 ||
[Analyze grammar]
santoṣāmṛta-tṛptānāṃ yat sukhaṃ śānta-cetasām |
kutas tad-dhana-lubdhānām itaś cetaś ca dhāvatām || 137 ||
[Analyze grammar]
tenādhītaṃ śrutaṃ tena tena sarvam anuṣṭhitam |
yenāśāḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā nairāśyam avalambitam || 138 ||
[Analyze grammar]
aseviteśvara-dvāram adṛṣṭa-viraha-vyatham |
anukta-klība-vacanaṃ dhanyaṃ kasyāpi jīvanam || 139 ||
[Analyze grammar]
na yojana-śataṃ dūraṃ vāhyamānasya tṛṣṇayā |
santuṣṭasya kara-prāpte'py arthe bhavati nādaraḥ || 140 ||
[Analyze grammar]
ko dharmo bhūta-dayā kiṃ saukhyaṃ nityam aroginā jagati |
kaḥ snehaḥ sad-bhāvaḥ kiṃ pāṇḍityaṃ paricchedaḥ || 141 ||
[Analyze grammar]
paricchedo hi pāṇḍityaṃ yadāpannā vipattayaḥ |
apariccheda-kartṝṇāṃ vipadaḥ syuḥ pade pade || 142 ||
[Analyze grammar]
tyajed ekaṃ kulasyārthe grāmasyārthe kulaṃ tyajet |
grāmaṃ janapadasyārthe ātmārthe pṛthivīṃ tyajet || 143 ||
[Analyze grammar]
pānīyaṃ vā nirāyāsaṃ svādvannaṃ vā bhayottaram |
vicāryaṃ khalu paśyāmi tat sukhaṃ yatra nirvṛtiḥ || 144 ||
[Analyze grammar]
varaṃ vanaṃ vyāghra-gajendra-sevitaṃ drumālayaḥ patra-phalāmbu-bhakṣitam |
tṛṇāni śayyā vasanaṃ ca valkalaṃ na bandhu-madhye dhana-hīna-jīvanam || 145 ||
[Analyze grammar]
saṃsāra-viṣaya-vṛkṣasya dve eva rasavat phale |
kāvyāmṛta-rasāsvādaḥ saṅgamaḥ sajjanaiḥ saha || 146 ||
[Analyze grammar]
sat-saṅgaḥ keśave bhaktir gaṅgāmbhasi nimajjanam |
asāre khalu saṃsāre trīṇi sārāṇi bhāvayet || 147 ||
[Analyze grammar]
arthāḥ pāda-rajopamā giri-nadī-vegopamaṃ yauvanam āyuṣyaṃ jala-bindu-lola-capalaṃ phenopamaṃ jīvanam |
dharmaṃ yo na karoti niścala-matiḥ svargārgalodghāṭanaṃ paścāt-tāpa-hato jarā-pariṇataḥ śokāgninā dahyate || 148 ||
[Analyze grammar]
upārjitānāṃ vittānāṃ tyāga eva hi rakṣaṇam |
taḍāgodara-saṃsthānāṃ parīvāhaivāmbhasām || 149 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yad adho 'dhaḥ kṣitau vittaṃ nicakhāna mitampacaḥ |
tad-adho nilayaṃ gantuṃ cakre panthānam agrataḥ || 150 ||
[Analyze grammar]
nija-saukhyaṃ nirundhāno yo dhanārjanam icchati |
parārtha-bhāra-vāhīva sa kleśasyaiva bhājanam || 151 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dānopabhoga-hīnena dhanena dhanino yadi |
bhavāmaḥ kiṃ na tenaiva dhanena dhanino vayam || 152 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dhanena kiṃ yo na dadāti nāśnute balena kiṃ yaś ca ripūn na yādhatte |
śrutena kiṃ yo na ca dharmam ācaret kim ātmanā yo na jitendriyo bhavet || 153 ||
[Analyze grammar]
asambhogena sāmānyaṃ kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ paraiḥ |
asyedam iti sambandho hānau duḥkhena gamyate || 154 ||
[Analyze grammar]
na devāya na viprāya na bandhubhyo na cātmane |
kṛpaṇasya dhanaṃ yāti vahni-taskara-pārthivaiḥ || 155 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dānaṃ priya-vāk-sahitaṃ jñānam agarvaṃ kṣamānvitaṃ sauryam |
tyāgaṃ sahitaṃ ca vittaṃ durlabham etac catur bhadram || 156 ||
[Analyze grammar]
kartavyaḥ sañcayo nityaṃ na tu kāryo 'tisañcayaḥ |
atisañcaya-śīlo 'yaṃ dhanuṣā jambuko hataḥ || 157 ||
[Analyze grammar]
jalam agnir viṣaṃ śastaṃ kṣud vyādhiḥ patanaṃ gireḥ |
nimittaṃ kiñcid āsādya dehī prāṇair vimucyate || 158 ||
[Analyze grammar]
acintitāni duḥkhāni yathaivāyānti dehinām |
sukhāny api tathā manye daivam atrātiricyate || 159 ||
[Analyze grammar]
māsam ekaṃ naro yāti dvau māsau mṛga-śūkarau |
ahir ekaṃ dinaṃ yāti adya bhakṣyo dhanurguṇaḥ || 160 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yad dadāti yad aśnāti tad eva dhanino dhanam |
anye mṛtasya krīḍanti dārair api dhanair api || 161 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yad dadāsi viśiṣṭebhyo yac cāśnāsi dine dine |
tat te vittam ahaṃ manye śeṣaṃ kasyāpi rakṣasi || 162 ||
[Analyze grammar]
nāprāyam abhivāñchanti naṣṭaṃ necchanti śocitum |
āpatsv api na muhyanti narāḥ paṇḍita-buddhayaḥ || 163 ||
[Analyze grammar]
śāstrāṇy adhītyāpi bhavanti mūrkhā yas tu kriyāvān puruṣaḥ sa vidvān |
sucintitaṃ cauṣadham āturāṇāṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam || 164 ||
[Analyze grammar]
na svalpam apy adhyavasāya-bhīroḥ karoti vijñāna-vidhir guṇaṃ hi |
andhasya kiṃ hasta-tala-sthito 'pi prakāśayaty artham iha pradīpaḥ || 165 ||
[Analyze grammar]
sukham āpatitaṃ sevyaṃ duḥkham āpatitaṃ tathā |
cakravat parivartante duḥkhāni ca sukhāni ca || 166 ||
[Analyze grammar]
nipānam iva maṇḍūkāḥ saraḥ pūrṇam ivāṇḍajāḥ |
sodyogaṃ naram āyānti vivaśāḥ sarva-sampadaḥ || 167 ||
[Analyze grammar]
utsāha-saṃpannam adīrgha-sūtraṃ kriyā-vidhijñaṃ vyasaneṣv asaktam |
śūraṃ kṛtajñaṃ dṛḍha-sauhṛdaṃ ca- lakṣmīḥ svayaṃ vāñchati vāsa-hetoḥ || 168 ||
[Analyze grammar]
vināpy arthair dhīraḥ spṛśati bahumānonnati-padaṃ samāyukto 'py arthaiḥ paribhava-padaṃ yāti kṛpaṇaḥ |
svabhāvād udbhūtāṃ guṇa-samudayāvāpti-viṣayāṃ dyutiṃ saiṃhīṃ śvā kiṃ dhṛta-kanaka-mālo 'pi labhate || 169 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dhanavān iti hi madas te kiṃ gata-vibhavo viṣādam upayāsi |
kara-nihata-kanduka-samāḥ pātotpātā manuṣyāṇām || 170 ||
[Analyze grammar]
vṛtty-arthaṃ nāticeṣṭate sā hi dhātraiva nirmitā |
garbhād utpatite jantau mātuḥ prasravataḥ stanau || 171 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yena śuklī-kṛtā haṃsāḥ śukāś ca haritīkṛtāḥ |
mayūrāś citritā yena sa te vṛttiṃ vidhāsyati || 172 ||
[Analyze grammar]
janayanty arjane duḥkhaṃ tāpayanti vipattiṣu |
mohayanti ca sampattau katham arthāḥ sukhāvahāḥ || 173 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dharmārdhaṃ yasya vittehā varaṃ tasya nirīhatā |
prakṣālanād dhi paṅkasya dūrād asparśanaṃ varam || 174 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yathāāmiṣam ākāśe pakṣibhiḥ śvāpadair bhuvi |
bhakṣyate salile matsyais tathā sarvatra vittavān || 175 ||
[Analyze grammar]
rājataḥ salilād agneś corataḥ svajanād api |
bhayam arthavatāṃ nityaṃ mṛtyoḥ prāṇa-bhṛtām iva || 176 ||
[Analyze grammar]
janmani kleśa-bahule kiṃ nu duḥkham ataḥ param |
icchā-sampad yato nāsti yac cecchā na nivartate || 177 ||
[Analyze grammar]
dhanaṃ tāvad asulabhaṃ labdhaṃ kṛcchreṇa pālyate |
labdha-nāśo yathā mṛtyus tasmād etan na cintayet || 178 ||
[Analyze grammar]
sā tṛṣṇā cet parityaktā ko daridraḥ ka īśvaraḥ |
tasyāś cet prasaro datto dāsyaṃ ca śirasi sthitam || 179 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yad yad eva hi vāñcheta tato vāñchā pravartate |
prāpta evārthataḥ so 'rtho yato vāñchā nivartate || 180 ||
[Analyze grammar]
āmraṇāntāḥ praṇayāḥ kopāś ca kṣaṇa-bhaṅgurāḥ |
parityāgāś ca niḥsaṅgā na bhavanti mahātmanām || 181 ||
[Analyze grammar]
santa eva satāṃ nityam āpad-uddharaṇa-kṣamāḥ |
gajānāṃ paṅka-magnānāṃ gajā eva dhurandharāḥ || 182 ||
[Analyze grammar]
ślāghyaḥ sa eko bhuvi mānavānāṃ sa uttamaḥ sat-puruṣaḥ sa dhanyaḥ |
yasyārthino vā śaraṇāgatā vā nāśāvibhaṅgā vimukhāḥ prayānti || 183 ||
[Analyze grammar]
lobhād vātha bhayād vāpi yas tyajec charaṇāgatam |
brahma-hatyā-samaṃ tasya pāpam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ || 184 ||
[Analyze grammar]
aurasaṃ kṛta-sambandhaṃ tathā vaṃśa-kramāgatam |
rakṣakaṃ vyasanebhyaś ca mitraṃ jñeyaṃ catur-vidham || 185 ||
[Analyze grammar]
ambhāṃsi jala-jantūnāṃ durgaṃ durga-nivāsinām |
sva-bhūmiḥ śvāpadādīnāṃ rājñāṃ sainyaṃ paraṃ balam || 186 ||
[Analyze grammar]
upāyena hi yac chakyaṃ na tac chakyaṃ parākramaiḥ |
kākī kanaka-sūtreṇa kṛṣṇa-sarpam aghātayat || 187 ||
[Analyze grammar]
kulācāra-janācārair atiśuddhaḥ pratāpavān |
dhārmiko nīti-kuśalaḥ sa svāmī yujyate bhuvi || 188 ||
[Analyze grammar]
rājānaṃ prathamaṃ vindet tato bhāryāṃ tato dhanam |
rājany asati loke'smin kuto bhāryā kuto dhanam || 189 ||
[Analyze grammar]
parjanya iva bhūtānām ādhāraḥ pṛthivī-patiḥ |
vikale'pi hi parjanye jīvyate na tu bhūpatau || 190 ||
[Analyze grammar]
niyata-viṣaya-vartī prāyaśo daṇḍa-yogāj jagati para-vaśe'smin durlabhaḥ sādhu-vṛtteḥ |
kṛśam api vikalaṃ vā vyādhitaṃ vādhanaṃ vā patim api kula-nārī daṇḍa-bhītyābhyupaiti || 191 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yadāsat-saṅga-rahito bhaviṣyasi bhaviṣyasi |
yadāsajjana-goṣṭhīṣu patiṣyasi patiṣyasi || 192 ||
[Analyze grammar]
ekasya duḥkhasya na yāvad antaṃ gacchāmy ahaṃ pāram ivārṇavasya |
tāvad dvitīyaṃ samupasthitaṃ me chidreṣv anarthā bahulī-bhavanti || 193 ||
[Analyze grammar]
svabhāvajaṃ tu yan mitraṃ bhāgyenaivābhijāyate |
tad-akṛtrima-sauhārdam āpatsv api na muñcati || 194 ||
[Analyze grammar]
na mātari na dāreṣu na sodarye na cātmaje |
viśvāsas tādṛśaḥ puṃsāṃ yādṛṅ mitre svabhāvaje || 195 ||
[Analyze grammar]
sva-karma-santāna-viceṣṭitāni kālāntarāvarti-śubhāśubhāni |
ihaiva dṛṣṭāni mayaiva tāni janmāntarāṇīva daśāntarāṇi || 196 ||
[Analyze grammar]
athavā ittham evaitat |
kāyaḥ saṃnihitāpāyaḥ sampadaḥ padam āpadām |
samāgamāḥ sāpagamāḥ sarvam utpādi bhaṅguram || 197 ||
[Analyze grammar]
śokārāti-bhaya-trāṇaṃ prīti-viśrambha-bhājanam |
kena ratnam idaṃ sṛṣṭaṃ mitram ity akṣara-dvayam || 198 ||
[Analyze grammar]
mitraṃ prīti-rasāyanaṃ nayanayor ānandanaṃ cetasaḥ pātraṃ yat sukha-duḥkhayoḥ samam idaṃ puṇyātmanā labhyate |
ye cānye suhṛdaḥ samṛddhi-samaye dravyābhilāṣākulās te sarvatra milanti tattva-nikaṣa-grāvā tu teṣāṃ vipat || 199 ||
[Analyze grammar]
yo dhruvāṇi parityajya adhruvāṇi niṣevate |
dhruvāṇi tasya naśyanti adhruvaṃ naṣṭam eva hi || 200 ||
[Analyze grammar]
mitraṃ yāntu ca sajjanā janapadair lakṣmīḥ samālabhyatāṃ bhūpālāḥ paripālayantu vasudhāṃ śaśvat sva-dharme sthitāḥ |
āstāṃ mānasa-tuṣṭaye sukṛtināṃ nītir navoḍheva vaḥ kalyāṇaṃ kurutāṃ janasya bhagavāṃś candrārdha-cūḍāmaṇiḥ || 201 ||
[Analyze grammar]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Mitralabha
The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita
by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
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Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!