Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 4.97

कामः सर्वात्मना हेयः स चेद् धातुं न शक्यते ।
स्व-भार्यां प्रति कर्तव्यः सैव तस्य हि भेषजम् ॥ ९७ ॥

kāmaḥ sarvātmanā heyaḥ sa ced dhātuṃ na śakyate |
sva-bhāryāṃ prati kartavyaḥ saiva tasya hi bheṣajam || 97 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 4.97 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (4.97). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kama, Sarvatmana, Heya, Ced, Dhatu, Shakyata, Sva, Svan, Bharya, Prati, Kartavya, Tad, Bheshaja,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 4.97). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “kāmaḥ sarvātmanā heyaḥ sa ced dhātuṃ na śakyate
  • kāmaḥ -
  • kāma (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • sarvātmanā* -
  • sarvātmanā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • heyaḥ -
  • heya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    -> heya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √ class 3 verb]
    -> heya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √ class 3 verb]
    hi -> heya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √hi class 5 verb]
  • sa -
  • sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • ced -
  • ced (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ced (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • dhātum -
  • dhā -> dhātum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √dhā]
    dhā -> dhātum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √dhā]
    dhā -> dhātum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √dhā]
    dhā -> dhātum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √dhā]
    dhe -> dhātum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √dhe]
    dhātu (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
    dhātu (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • śakyate -
  • śakyatā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    śak (verb class 5)
    [present passive third single]
  • Line 2: “sva-bhāryāṃ prati kartavyaḥ saiva tasya hi bheṣajam
  • sva -
  • sva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    svan (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    svan (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sva (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • bhāryām -
  • bhāryā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
    bhṛ -> bhāryā (participle, feminine)
    [accusative single from √bhṛ]
  • prati -
  • prati (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    prati (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    pratī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    pratī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    pratī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • kartavyaḥ -
  • kartavya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kṛ -> kartavya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 8 verb]
    kṛ -> kartavya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [nominative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
  • sai -
  • (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • aiva -
  • i (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first dual]
  • tasya -
  • tas -> tasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √tas]
    ta (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    tas (verb class 4)
    [imperative active second single]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • bheṣajam -
  • bheṣaja (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bheṣaja (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 4.97

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 4.97 in Gujarati sript:
કામઃ સર્વાત્મના હેયઃ સ ચેદ્ ધાતું ન શક્યતે ।
સ્વ-ભાર્યાં પ્રતિ કર્તવ્યઃ સૈવ તસ્ય હિ ભેષજમ્ ॥ ૯૭ ॥

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