Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 4.43

भीरुर् युद्ध-परित्यागात् स्वयम् एव प्रणश्यति ।
तथैव भीरु-पुरुषः सङ्ग्रामे तैर् विमुच्यते ॥ ४३ ॥

bhīrur yuddha-parityāgāt svayam eva praṇaśyati |
tathaiva bhīru-puruṣaḥ saṅgrāme tair vimucyate || 43 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 4.43 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (4.43). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Bhiru, Yuddha, Parityaga, Svayam, Eva, Prana, Shyat, Tatha, Purusha, Sangrama, Tad, Ucyat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 4.43). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “bhīrur yuddha-parityāgāt svayam eva praṇaśyati
  • bhīrur -
  • bhīru (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • yuddha -
  • yuddha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yuddha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yudh -> yuddha (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √yudh class 1 verb], [vocative single from √yudh class 4 verb]
    yudh -> yuddha (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √yudh class 1 verb], [vocative single from √yudh class 4 verb]
  • parityāgāt -
  • parityāga (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • svayam -
  • svayam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • praṇa -
  • praṇa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    praṇa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • śyati -
  • śā -> śyat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √śā class 4 verb]
    śā -> śyat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √śā class 4 verb]
    śā (verb class 4)
    [present active third single]
  • Line 2: “tathaiva bhīru-puruṣaḥ saṅgrāme tair vimucyate
  • tathai -
  • tathā (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tathā (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tatha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    tatha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    tathā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • aiva -
  • i (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first dual]
  • bhīru -
  • bhīru (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    bhīru (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    bhīrū (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhīrū (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhīrū (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • puruṣaḥ -
  • puruṣa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • saṅgrāme -
  • saṅgrāma (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    saṅgrāma (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
  • tair -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
  • vim -
  • vi (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • ucyate -
  • uc -> ucyat (participle, masculine)
    [dative single from √uc class 4 verb]
    uc -> ucyat (participle, neuter)
    [dative single from √uc class 4 verb]
    vac (verb class 2)
    [present passive third single]
    vac (verb class 3)
    [present passive third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 4.43

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 4.43 in Gujarati sript:
ભીરુર્ યુદ્ધ-પરિત્યાગાત્ સ્વયમ્ એવ પ્રણશ્યતિ ।
તથૈવ ભીરુ-પુરુષઃ સઙ્ગ્રામે તૈર્ વિમુચ્યતે ॥ ૪૩ ॥

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