Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.140

उपजापश् चिरारोधो ऽवस्कन्दस् तीव्र-पौरुषम् ।
दुर्गस्य लङ्घनोपायाश् चत्वारः कथिता इमे ॥ १४० ॥

upajāpaś cirārodho 'vaskandas tīvra-pauruṣam |
durgasya laṅghanopāyāś catvāraḥ kathitā ime || 140 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.140 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.140). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Upajapa, Cirarodha, Avaskanda, Tivra, Paurusha, Durga, Langhana, Upaya, Catu, Ara, Kathita, Iyam, Idam,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.140). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “upajāpaś cirārodho 'vaskandas tīvra-pauruṣam
  • upajāpaś -
  • upajāpa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • cirārodho' -
  • cirārodha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • avaskandas -
  • avaskanda (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tīvra -
  • tīvra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    tīvra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • pauruṣam -
  • pauruṣa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    pauruṣa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “durgasya laṅghanopāyāś catvāraḥ kathitā ime
  • durgasya -
  • durga (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    durga (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
  • laṅghano -
  • laṅghana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    laṅghana (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • upāyāś -
  • upāya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    upāyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • catvā -
  • catu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    catu (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    catu (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [instrumental single]
  • āraḥ -
  • āra (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    (verb class 1)
    [aorist active second single]
    (verb class 3)
    [aorist active second single]
    (verb class 5)
    [aorist active second single]
  • kathitā* -
  • kathita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    kathitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    kath -> kathita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √kath class 10 verb], [vocative plural from √kath class 10 verb]
    kath -> kathitā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √kath class 10 verb], [vocative plural from √kath class 10 verb], [accusative plural from √kath class 10 verb]
  • ime -
  • iyam (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    idam (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative plural]
    idam (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]
    idam (pronoun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [accusative dual]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.140

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.140 in Gujarati sript:
ઉપજાપશ્ ચિરારોધો ઽવસ્કન્દસ્ તીવ્ર-પૌરુષમ્ ।
દુર્ગસ્ય લઙ્ઘનોપાયાશ્ ચત્વારઃ કથિતા ઇમે ॥ ૧૪૦ ॥

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: