Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.139

अकाल-सहमत्य्-अल्पं मूर्ख-व्यसनि-नायकम् ।
अगुप्तं भीरु-योधं च दुर्ग-व्यसनम् उच्यते ॥ १३९ ॥

akāla-sahamaty-alpaṃ mūrkha-vyasani-nāyakam |
aguptaṃ bhīru-yodhaṃ ca durga-vyasanam ucyate || 139 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.139 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.139). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Akala, Alpam, Alpa, Murkha, Vyasanin, Vyasani, Nayaka, Agupta, Bhiru, Yodha, Durga, Vyasana, Ucyat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.139). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “akāla-sahamaty-alpaṃ mūrkha-vyasani-nāyakam
  • akāla -
  • akāla (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    akāla (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • Cannot analyse sahamaty*al
  • alpam -
  • alpam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    alpa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    alpa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    alpā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • mūrkha -
  • mūrkha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    mūrkha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vyasani -
  • vyasanin (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vyasanin (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    vyasanī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    vyasanī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    vyasanī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • nāyakam -
  • nāyaka (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    nāyaka (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “aguptaṃ bhīru-yodhaṃ ca durga-vyasanam ucyate
  • aguptam -
  • agupta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    agupta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    aguptā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • bhīru -
  • bhīru (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    bhīru (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    bhīrū (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhīrū (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhīrū (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • yodham -
  • yodha (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    yodhā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • durga -
  • durga (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    durga (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vyasanam -
  • vyasana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • ucyate -
  • uc -> ucyat (participle, masculine)
    [dative single from √uc class 4 verb]
    uc -> ucyat (participle, neuter)
    [dative single from √uc class 4 verb]
    vac (verb class 2)
    [present passive third single]
    vac (verb class 3)
    [present passive third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.139

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.139 in Gujarati sript:
અકાલ-સહમત્ય્-અલ્પં મૂર્ખ-વ્યસનિ-નાયકમ્ ।
અગુપ્તં ભીરુ-યોધં ચ દુર્ગ-વ્યસનમ્ ઉચ્યતે ॥ ૧૩૯ ॥

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