Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.109

लुब्धः क्रूरो ऽलसो ऽसत्यः प्रमादी भीरुर् अस्थिरः ।
मूढो योधावमन्ता च सुख-च्छेद्यो रिपुः स्मृतः ॥ १०९ ॥

lubdhaḥ krūro 'laso 'satyaḥ pramādī bhīrur asthiraḥ |
mūḍho yodhāvamantā ca sukha-cchedyo ripuḥ smṛtaḥ || 109 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.109 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.109). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Lubdha, Krura, Alas, Alasa, Asati, Asatya, Pramadin, Pramadi, Bhiru, Asthira, Mudha, Yodha, Amantri, Sukha, Ccha, Dyu, Ripu, Smrita,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.109). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “lubdhaḥ krūro 'laso 'satyaḥ pramādī bhīrur asthiraḥ
  • lubdhaḥ -
  • lubdha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    lubh -> lubdha (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √lubh class 4 verb], [nominative single from √lubh class 6 verb]
  • krūro' -
  • krūra (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • alaso' -
  • alas (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    alas (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    alasa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    las (verb class 1)
    [imperfect active second single]
  • asatyaḥ -
  • asatī (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    asatya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pramādī -
  • pramādin (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    pramādi (noun, masculine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    pramādi (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • bhīrur -
  • bhīru (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • asthiraḥ -
  • asthira (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “mūḍho yodhāvamantā ca sukha-cchedyo ripuḥ smṛtaḥ
  • mūḍho* -
  • mūḍha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    muh -> mūḍha (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √muh class 4 verb]
  • yodhāva -
  • yodha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • amantā -
  • amantṛ (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • sukha -
  • sukha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sukha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • cche -
  • ccha (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ccha (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
  • dyo -
  • dyu (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • ripuḥ -
  • ripu (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    ripu (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • smṛtaḥ -
  • smṛta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    smṛ -> smṛta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √smṛ class 1 verb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.109

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.109 in Gujarati sript:
લુબ્ધઃ ક્રૂરો ઽલસો ઽસત્યઃ પ્રમાદી ભીરુર્ અસ્થિરઃ ।
મૂઢો યોધાવમન્તા ચ સુખ-ચ્છેદ્યો રિપુઃ સ્મૃતઃ ॥ ૧૦૯ ॥

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