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Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
Verse 3.98
आत्मोदयः पर-ग्लानिर् द्वयं नीतिर् इतीयती ।
तद् ऊरीकृत्य कृतिभिर् वाचस्पत्यं प्रतीयते ॥ ९८ ॥
ātmodayaḥ para-glānir dvayaṃ nītir itīyatī |
tad ūrīkṛtya kṛtibhir vācaspatyaṃ pratīyate || 98 ||
The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.98 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.98). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Atmodaya, Para, Glani, Dvayam, Dvaya, Niti, Iti, Iyat, Tad, Tat, Uri, Kritya, Kriti, Kritin, Vacaspatya, Prati, Iyata,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.98). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “ātmodayaḥ para-glānir dvayaṃ nītir itīyatī ”
- ātmodayaḥ -
-
ātmodaya (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- para -
-
para (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]para (noun, masculine)[vocative single]
- glānir -
-
glāni (noun, feminine)[nominative single]
- dvayam -
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dvayam (indeclinable)[indeclinable]dvaya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]dvaya (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
- nītir -
-
nīti (noun, feminine)[nominative single]
- itī -
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iti (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]iti (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- iyatī -
-
iyat (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
- Line 2: “tad ūrīkṛtya kṛtibhir vācaspatyaṃ pratīyate ”
- tad -
-
tad (indeclinable)[indeclinable]tad (indeclinable adverb)[indeclinable adverb]tat (indeclinable correlative)[indeclinable correlative]tad (noun, neuter)[compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
- ūrī -
-
ūrī (indeclinable)[indeclinable]
- kṛtya -
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kṛtya (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]kṛtya (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√kṛ -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛ]√kṛ -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛ]√kṛt -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛt]√kṛt -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛt]√kṛt -> kṛtya (absolutive)[absolutive from √kṛt]√kṛ -> kṛtya (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb]√kṛ -> kṛtya (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb]
- kṛtibhir -
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kṛti (noun, feminine)[instrumental plural]kṛti (noun, masculine)[instrumental plural]kṛtin (noun, masculine)[instrumental plural]kṛtin (noun, neuter)[instrumental plural]kṛtī (noun, neuter)[instrumental plural]
- vācaspatyam -
-
vācaspatya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]vācaspatya (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]vācaspatyā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- pratī -
-
prati (indeclinable adverb)[indeclinable adverb]prati (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]pratī (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [vocative single]pratī (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]pratī (noun, neuter)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]prati (Preverb)[Preverb]
- iyate -
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iyat (noun, masculine)[dative single]iyat (noun, neuter)[dative single]iyatā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]√i (verb class 2)[present middle third plural]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.98
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Buy now!
Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!Preview of verse 3.98 in Gujarati sript:
આત્મોદયઃ પર-ગ્લાનિર્ દ્વયં નીતિર્ ઇતીયતી ।
તદ્ ઊરીકૃત્ય કૃતિભિર્ વાચસ્પત્યં પ્રતીયતે ॥ ૯૮ ॥