Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.28

भर्ता हि परमं नार्या भूषणं भूषणैर् विना ।
एषा विरहिता तेन शोभनापि न शोभते ॥ २८ ॥

bhartā hi paramaṃ nāryā bhūṣaṇaṃ bhūṣaṇair vinā |
eṣā virahitā tena śobhanāpi na śobhate || 28 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.28 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.28). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Bhartri, Paramam, Parama, Nari, Narya, Bhushana, Vina, Esha, Virahita, Tad, Tena, Shobhana, Api, Shobhat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.28). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “bhartā hi paramaṃ nāryā bhūṣaṇaṃ bhūṣaṇair vinā
  • bhartā -
  • bhartṛ (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    bhṛ (verb class 1)
    [periphrastic-future active third single]
    bhṛ (verb class 2)
    [periphrastic-future active third single]
    bhṛ (verb class 3)
    [periphrastic-future active third single]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • paramam -
  • paramam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    parama (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    parama (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    paramā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • nāryā* -
  • nāri (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    nārī (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    nārya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    nṝ -> nārya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √nṝ class 9 verb], [vocative plural from √nṝ class 9 verb]
    nṝ -> nāryā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √nṝ class 9 verb], [vocative plural from √nṝ class 9 verb], [accusative plural from √nṝ class 9 verb]
  • bhūṣaṇam -
  • bhūṣaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bhūṣaṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    bhūṣaṇā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • bhūṣaṇair -
  • bhūṣaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    bhūṣaṇa (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
  • vinā -
  • vinā (indeclinable postposition)
    [indeclinable postposition]
    vi (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    vi (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    vinā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “eṣā virahitā tena śobhanāpi na śobhate
  • eṣā -
  • eṣā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • virahitā -
  • virahitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • tena -
  • tena (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ta (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    tan (verb class 8)
    [perfect active second plural]
    tan (verb class 4)
    [perfect active second plural]
    tan (verb class 1)
    [perfect active second plural]
  • śobhanā -
  • śobhana (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    śobhana (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    śobhanā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • śobhate -
  • śubh -> śobhat (participle, masculine)
    [dative single from √śubh class 1 verb]
    śubh -> śobhat (participle, neuter)
    [dative single from √śubh class 1 verb]
    śubh (verb class 1)
    [present middle third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.28

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.28 in Gujarati sript:
ભર્તા હિ પરમં નાર્યા ભૂષણં ભૂષણૈર્ વિના ।
એષા વિરહિતા તેન શોભનાપિ ન શોભતે ॥ ૨૮ ॥

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