Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 2.180

क्षमा शत्रौ च मित्रे च यतीनाम् एव भूषणम् ।
अपराधिषु सत्त्वेषु नृपाणां सैव दूषणम् ॥ १८० ॥

kṣamā śatrau ca mitre ca yatīnām eva bhūṣaṇam |
aparādhiṣu sattveṣu nṛpāṇāṃ saiva dūṣaṇam || 180 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.180 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.180). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Ksham, Kshama, Shatri, Shatru, Mitra, Yati, Eva, Bhushana, Aparadhin, Sattva, Nripa, Nripana, Dushana,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.180). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “kṣamā śatrau ca mitre ca yatīnām eva bhūṣaṇam
  • kṣamā -
  • kṣam (noun, feminine)
    [instrumental single]
    kṣamā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • śatrau -
  • śatri (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    śatru (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • mitre -
  • mitra (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    mitra (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    mitrā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • yatīnām -
  • yati (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    yati (noun, feminine)
    [genitive plural]
    yatī (noun, feminine)
    [genitive plural]
    i -> yatī (participle, feminine)
    [genitive plural from √i class 2 verb]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • bhūṣaṇam -
  • bhūṣaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bhūṣaṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    bhūṣaṇā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • Line 2: “aparādhiṣu sattveṣu nṛpāṇāṃ saiva dūṣaṇam
  • aparādhiṣu -
  • aparādhin (noun, masculine)
    [locative plural]
    aparādhin (noun, neuter)
    [locative plural]
  • sattveṣu -
  • sattva (noun, masculine)
    [locative plural]
    sattva (noun, neuter)
    [locative plural]
  • nṛpāṇām -
  • nṛpa (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    nṛpāṇā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • sai -
  • (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • aiva -
  • i (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first dual]
  • dūṣaṇam -
  • dūṣaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    dūṣaṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    dūṣaṇā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.180

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.180 in Gujarati sript:
ક્ષમા શત્રૌ ચ મિત્રે ચ યતીનામ્ એવ ભૂષણમ્ ।
અપરાધિષુ સત્ત્વેષુ નૃપાણાં સૈવ દૂષણમ્ ॥ ૧૮૦ ॥

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