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Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
Verse 2.178
पिता वा यदि वा भ्राता पुत्री वा यदि वा सुहृत् ।
प्राण-च्छेद-करा राज्ञा हन्तव्या भूतिम् इच्छता ॥ १७८ ॥
pitā vā yadi vā bhrātā putrī vā yadi vā suhṛt |
prāṇa-ccheda-karā rājñā hantavyā bhūtim icchatā || 178 ||
The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.178 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.178). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Pitri, Var, Yadi, Yad, Bhratri, Putri, Putrin, Suhrid, Prana, Ccha, Kara, Rajan, Hantavya, Bhuti, Icchata, Icchat,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.178). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “pitā vā yadi vā bhrātā putrī vā yadi vā suhṛt ”
- pitā -
-
pitṛ (noun, masculine)[compound], [nominative single]
- vā* -
-
vār (noun, masculine)[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]vār (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]va (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]vā (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
- yadi -
-
yadi (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]yadi (indeclinable relative)[indeclinable relative]yadi (indeclinable)[indeclinable]yad (noun, masculine)[locative single]
- vā* -
-
vār (noun, masculine)[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]vār (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]va (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]vā (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
- bhrātā -
-
bhrātṛ (noun, masculine)[compound], [nominative single]
- putrī -
-
putrī (noun, feminine)[compound], [nominative single]putrin (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- vā* -
-
vār (noun, masculine)[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]vār (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]va (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]vā (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
- yadi -
-
yadi (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]yadi (indeclinable relative)[indeclinable relative]yadi (indeclinable)[indeclinable]yad (noun, masculine)[locative single]
- vā -
-
vā (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]vā (noun, feminine)[nominative single]√vā (verb class 1)[imperative active second single]
- suhṛt -
-
suhṛd (noun, feminine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]suhṛd (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
- Line 2: “prāṇa-ccheda-karā rājñā hantavyā bhūtim icchatā ”
- prāṇa -
-
prāṇa (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]prāṇa (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- cche -
-
ccha (noun, masculine)[locative single]ccha (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
- da -
-
da (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]da (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- karā* -
-
kara (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]
- rājñā -
-
rājan (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]
- hantavyā* -
-
hantavya (noun, masculine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural]hantavyā (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]√han -> hantavya (participle, masculine)[nominative plural from √han class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √han class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √han class 2 verb], [vocative plural from √han class 2 verb]√han -> hantavyā (participle, feminine)[nominative plural from √han class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √han class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √han class 1 verb], [nominative plural from √han class 2 verb], [vocative plural from √han class 2 verb], [accusative plural from √han class 2 verb]
- bhūtim -
-
bhūti (noun, feminine)[accusative single]bhūti (noun, masculine)[accusative single]
- icchatā -
-
icchatā (noun, feminine)[nominative single]√iṣ -> icchat (participle, masculine)[instrumental single from √iṣ class 6 verb]√iṣ -> icchat (participle, neuter)[instrumental single from √iṣ class 6 verb]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.178
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Buy now!
Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!Preview of verse 2.178 in Gujarati sript:
પિતા વા યદિ વા ભ્રાતા પુત્રી વા યદિ વા સુહૃત્ ।
પ્રાણ-ચ્છેદ-કરા રાજ્ઞા હન્તવ્યા ભૂતિમ્ ઇચ્છતા ॥ ૧૭૮ ॥