Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 2.159

निमित्तम् उद्दिश्य हि यः प्रकुप्यति ध्रुवं स तस्यापगमे प्रसीदति ।
अकारण-द्वेषि मनस् तु यस्य वै कथं जनस् तं परितोषयिष्यति ॥ १५९ ॥

nimittam uddiśya hi yaḥ prakupyati dhruvaṃ sa tasyāpagame prasīdati |
akāraṇa-dveṣi manas tu yasya vai kathaṃ janas taṃ paritoṣayiṣyati || 159 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.159 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.159). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Nimitta, Uddishya, Yah, Prakupyat, Dhruvam, Dhruva, Tad, Apagama, Pra, Sidat, Akarana, Dveshin, Dveshi, Mana, Manas, Yasya, Yat, Katham, Katha, Jana, Janas, Pari, Toshayishyat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.159). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “nimittam uddiśya hi yaḥ prakupyati dhruvaṃ sa tasyāpagame prasīdati
  • nimittam -
  • nimitta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • uddiśya -
  • uddiśya (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • yaḥ -
  • yaḥ (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • prakupyati -
  • prakupyat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    prakupyat (noun, feminine)
    [locative single]
    prakupyat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • dhruvam -
  • dhruvam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    dhruva (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    dhruva (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    dhruvā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • sa -
  • sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tasyā -
  • tas -> tasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √tas]
    ta (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    tas (verb class 4)
    [imperative active second single]
  • apagame -
  • apagama (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • pra -
  • pra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    pra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    pra (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • sīdati -
  • sad -> sīdat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √sad class 1 verb]
    sad -> sīdat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √sad class 1 verb]
    sad (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • Line 2: “akāraṇa-dveṣi manas tu yasya vai kathaṃ janas taṃ paritoṣayiṣyati
  • akāraṇa -
  • akāraṇa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    akāraṇa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • dveṣi -
  • dveṣin (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    dveṣin (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    dveṣī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    dveṣī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    dveṣī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • manas -
  • manas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    mana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tu -
  • tu (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • yasya -
  • yasya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yasya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yas -> yasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √yas]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    yas (verb class 4)
    [imperative active second single]
  • vai -
  • (verb class 1)
    [present middle first single], [imperative middle first single]
  • katham -
  • katham (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    katham (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kathā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    katha (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    katha (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • janas -
  • janas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    jana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tam -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • pari -
  • pari (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    pari (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    pari (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    pari (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    pari (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    parī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    parī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    parī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    pari (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • toṣayiṣyati -
  • tuṣ -> toṣayiṣyat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √tuṣ]
    tuṣ -> toṣayiṣyat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √tuṣ]
    tuṣ (verb class 0)
    [future active third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.159

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.159 in Gujarati sript:
નિમિત્તમ્ ઉદ્દિશ્ય હિ યઃ પ્રકુપ્યતિ ધ્રુવં સ તસ્યાપગમે પ્રસીદતિ ।
અકારણ-દ્વેષિ મનસ્ તુ યસ્ય વૈ કથં જનસ્ તં પરિતોષયિષ્યતિ ॥ ૧૫૯ ॥

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