Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

क्षुद्र-शत्रुर् भवेद् यस् तु विक्रमान् नैव लभ्यते ।
तम् आहन्तुं पुरस्कार्यः सदृशस् तस्य सैनिकः ॥ ८४ ॥

kṣudra-śatrur bhaved yas tu vikramān naiva labhyate |
tam āhantuṃ puraskāryaḥ sadṛśas tasya sainikaḥ || 84 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.84 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.84). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kshudra, Shatru, Yah, Vikramat, Vikrama, Naiva, Hantu, Puraskarya, Sadrish, Sadrisha, Tad, Sainika,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.84). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “kṣudra-śatrur bhaved yas tu vikramān naiva labhyate
  • kṣudra -
  • kṣudra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kṣudra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • śatrur -
  • śatru (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • bhaved -
  • bhū (verb class 1)
    [optative active third single]
  • yas -
  • yaḥ (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tu -
  • tu (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • vikramān -
  • vikramāt (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    vikrama (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative plural], [ablative single]
  • naiva -
  • naiva (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • labhyate -
  • labh (verb class 1)
    [present passive third single]
  • Line 2: “tam āhantuṃ puraskāryaḥ sadṛśas tasya sainikaḥ
  • tam -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • ā -
  • ā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • hantum -
  • han -> hantum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √han]
    han -> hantum (infinitive)
    [infinitive from √han]
    hantu (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • puraskāryaḥ -
  • puraskārya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • sadṛśas -
  • sadṛś (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    sadṛś (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    sadṛśa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • tasya -
  • tas -> tasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √tas]
    ta (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    tas (verb class 4)
    [imperative active second single]
  • sainikaḥ -
  • sainika (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.84

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.84 in Gujarati sript:
ક્ષુદ્ર-શત્રુર્ ભવેદ્ યસ્ તુ વિક્રમાન્ નૈવ લભ્યતે ।
તમ્ આહન્તું પુરસ્કાર્યઃ સદૃશસ્ તસ્ય સૈનિકઃ ॥ ૮૪ ॥

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