Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

उदीरितो ऽर्थः पशुनापि गृह्यते हयाश् च नागाश् च वहन्ति चोदिताः ।
अनुक्तम् अप्य् ऊहति पण्डितो जनः परेङ्गित-ज्ञान-फला हि बुद्धयः ॥ ४९ ॥

udīrito 'rthaḥ paśunāpi gṛhyate hayāś ca nāgāś ca vahanti coditāḥ |
anuktam apy ūhati paṇḍito janaḥ pareṅgita-jñāna-phalā hi buddhayaḥ || 49 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.49 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.49). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Udirita, Artha, Pashu, Api, Haya, Naga, Vahanti, Vahat, Codita, Anukta, Uhat, Pandita, Jana, Janas, Pare, Para, Pari, Ingita, Jnana, Phala, Buddhi,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.49). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “udīrito 'rthaḥ paśunāpi gṛhyate hayāś ca nāgāś ca vahanti coditāḥ
  • udīrito' -
  • udīrita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • arthaḥ -
  • artha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • paśunā -
  • paśu (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    paśū (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    api (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • gṛhyate -
  • grah (verb class 9)
    [present passive third single]
  • hayāś -
  • haya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    hayā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • nāgāś -
  • nāga (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    nāgā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vahanti -
  • vahantī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    vah -> vahat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative plural from √vah class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √vah class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √vah class 1 verb]
    vah -> vahantī (participle, feminine)
    [vocative single from √vah class 1 verb]
    vah (verb class 1)
    [present active third plural]
  • coditāḥ -
  • codita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    coditā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    cud -> codita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative plural from √cud], [vocative plural from √cud]
    cud -> coditā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative plural from √cud], [vocative plural from √cud], [accusative plural from √cud]
  • Line 2: “anuktam apy ūhati paṇḍito janaḥ pareṅgita-jñāna-phalā hi buddhayaḥ
  • anuktam -
  • anukta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    anukta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    anuktā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • Cannot analyse apy*ūh
  • ūhati -
  • ūh -> ūhat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √ūh class 1 verb]
    ūh -> ūhat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √ūh class 1 verb]
    ūh (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • paṇḍito* -
  • paṇḍita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    paṇḍ -> paṇḍita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √paṇḍ class 1 verb], [nominative single from √paṇḍ class 10 verb]
  • janaḥ -
  • janas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    jana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pare -
  • pare (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    para (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    para (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative single], [locative single]
    parā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single], [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    pari (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
    pari (noun, feminine)
    [vocative single]
  • iṅgita -
  • iṅgita (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    iṅg -> iṅgita (participle, masculine)
    [compound from √iṅg]
    iṅg -> iṅgita (participle, neuter)
    [compound from √iṅg]
    iṅg -> iṅgita (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √iṅg class 1 verb], [vocative single from √iṅg]
    iṅg -> iṅgita (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √iṅg class 1 verb], [vocative single from √iṅg]
  • jñāna -
  • jñāna (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • phalā* -
  • phala (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    phalā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • hi -
  • hi (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
  • buddhayaḥ -
  • buddhi (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.49

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.49 in Gujarati sript:
ઉદીરિતો ઽર્થઃ પશુનાપિ ગૃહ્યતે હયાશ્ ચ નાગાશ્ ચ વહન્તિ ચોદિતાઃ ।
અનુક્તમ્ અપ્ય્ ઊહતિ પણ્ડિતો જનઃ પરેઙ્ગિત-જ્ઞાન-ફલા હિ બુદ્ધયઃ ॥ ૪૯ ॥

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